Caps 421 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

CAPS 421 Kopp Exam Questions and Answers What are two ways that we can define cell types? - Answer-Cells needs to have characteristic markers and a specific function Where do all of the cells in our body come from? What is special about these cells and what they are able to give rise to? - Answer-Come from the fertilized egg which is made up of the parental DNA. These are considered to be totipotent cells as they can give rise to extraembryonic cells, as well as the embryo proper (meso...

CAPS 421 Underhill Exam with Answers Epithelial tissues have regenerative ability. Prove a few examples of epithelial surfaces that muscle have stem cells? - Answer-Esophagus (oesophagus stem cells) Bladder surface (Bladder stem cells) Lungs (Airway stem cells/bronchioalveolar stem cells) Intestine (Intestinal stem cells) Does the heart have stem cells? - Answer-No, the heart lacks stem cells and does not have regenerative ability What organs in the body are highly regenerative? (3)...

CAPS 421 MT 1 Exam Questions and Answers What is the life cycle of proteins? - Answer-Translation, Targeting/Translocation, Folding, and Degradation. Degradation can happen during targeting/translocation or folding. What are the two possible ways a cytosolic protein can be degraded? - Answer-1.) Autophagic pathway 2.) Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway What are vesicles? How do autophagosomes differ? - Answer-Small pinched off invaginations of membranes Autophagosomes are double membraned ...

CAPS 421 Final Exam Questions and Answers What is the source of all cells in the body? - Answer-Embryonic Stem cells/ Fertilized egg Which cells of the blastocyst give rise to the embryo proper? Which gives rise to the placenta? - Answer-The inner cell mass (yolk sac) gives rise to the embryo proper. Outer mass gives rise to the placenta What gives rise to all of the layers in the body? - Answer-The embryonic yolk-sac What are the three germ layers, from outer to inner. Name 1 organ...

CAPS 421 UPR Lecture 9 Test Questions and Answers What are 2 methods that can be used to stop DNA damage? - Answer-cell cycle arrest DNA repair What can induce transcriptional changes and what is the specificity? - Answer-intracellular damage cues can induce transcriptional changes Different types of cellular damage can induce a specific transcriptional stress responses What is BiP? - Answer-an ER chaperone What can induce BiP upregulation? - Answer-Overexpression of an un...

CAPS 421 Lecture 8 autophagy Test Questions and Answers What are the pathways involved in cytosolic protein degradation? - Answer-Ubiquitin - proteosome pathway autophagic pathway What are the steps of autophagy? - Answer-1. Nucleation of an isolation membrane sac 2. Elongation the membrane while enwrapping cytosolic content 3. Sealing to form the autophagosome - a double membrane vesicle 4. Fusion of the autophagosome with a lysosome 5. Degradation of autophagosome content an...

CAPS 421 Lecture 11 Peroxisomes Exam with Answers What is the structure and function of peroxisome? - Answer-they are highly metabolic organelles surrounded by a single membrane They perform beta oxidation of fatty acids = break down of fatty acid chains to generate acetyl Co-A ROS (reactive oxygen species) detoxification What kind of translocation do peroxisomes receive their protein from? - Answer-Post translational translocation: use targeting signals to get to the right desti...

CAPS 421 - Lecture 9 UPR Exam Questions and Answers

EM vs. LM - resolution - wavelength EM = better resolution than LM - due to decrease wavelength of electron compared to visible light waves LM: R = 200nm Wavelength = 518nm EM: R = 0.1nm Wavelength = 2.5pm Strengths of fluorescent microscopy molecular localization, multichannel whole cell imaging, live cell analysis limitations of fluorescence microscopy Light is a wave = diffraction limit Lateral resolution ~250 nm Axial resolution (confocal) ~500 nm STED Stimulated Emission Depletion micro...

1 CROZER-KEYSTONE MANUAL (FULL) EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ Hallux Valgus Classifications (stages 1 - 4) Stage 1 Excess pronation causes hypermobility of 1st ray. Tibial sesamoid ligament gets stretched & fibular sesamoid ligament contracts. Lateral subluxation of proximal phalanx occurs Stage 2 Hallux abductus progresses, touches against 2nd digit FHL & FHB gain lateral mechanical advantage Crista starts to erode Stage 3 Further subluxat...