Hs 350 exam questions - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What is the function of bone marrow? - Answer Makes red and white blood cells and platelets Function of Osteoblasts - Answer bone formation Function of Osteoclasts - Answer resorb/dissolve bone Wolff's Law - Answer Bone is laid down where it is needed (in response to stress) and resorbed where it is not needed Peak Bone Mass - Answer - late 20s/early 30s -genetic factors -nutritional factors -mechanical loading -hormonal milieu Osteoporosis - Answer -decreased bone mass -met...

Oxidative stress - Answer May result from cell injury. Cells exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may cause cell damage if not scavenged by antioxidant enzymes Cells adapting by size - Answer Hypertrophy: Increase Atrophy: Decrease Cells adapting by number - Answer Hyperplasia: Increase Hypoplasia: Decrease Metaplasia - Answer one cell type is replaced by another cell type Dysplasia - Answer Deranged cell growth resulting in varying sizes, shapes, and disorganization ...

Cells adapt by changing their: - Answer 1. size (hypertrophy or atrophy) 2. number (hyperplasia) 3. type (metaplasia) Relationship between hypertrophy and hyperplasia - Answer Hypertrophy occurs in cell types where hyperplasia, the generation of more cells, is uncommon (eg. muscle cells) Why might metaplasia occur? - Answer it occurs in response to chronic irritation and inflammation; one cell type replaces another Define dysplasia - Answer deranged cell growth resulting in varying si...

Bacteria is? - Answer prokaryote -cell wall -No nucleus -Most can produce outside host T/F? PAMPS can be found on various locations of the bacteria - Answer True.. T/F bacteria components cannot evade immune response - Answer False Some parts can Bacteria Classification Shape - Answer bacillus (pl. bacilli) •coccus(pl. cocci) •spirochetes Bacteria Classification - Answer Gram-positive Gram-negative gram postive bacteria - Answer appear purple in a Gram stain (sta...

AANP FNP CERTIFICATION EXAM 2024| 200 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 3 month old infant with down syndrome, due to milk intolerance, mom started on goats milk; now has pale conjunctiva but otherwise healthy. Low HCT. What additional test would you order? - ANSWER- Iron, TIBC 3 months of synthroid, TSH increased, T4 normal, what do you do? - ANSWER- Increase Medication 3 ways to assess cognitive function in patient with signs/symptoms of memory loss - ANSWER- Mini ment...

Which of the following is NOT an obstructive pulmonary disease? Emphysema Asthma Pulmonary hypertension Bronchitis - Answer pulmonary hypertension Type 1 diabetes is associated with which one of the following? Autoimmunity Young age at onset Risk of ketoacidosis All of the above - Answer all of the above Which of the following is NOT associated with nephrotic syndrome? Decreased glomerular permeability Proteinuria Hypoproteinemia Edema Compensatory protein synthesi...

What tissues/ organs are part of the immune system? - Answer -tonsils and adenoids -thymus -appendix -lymphatic vessels -lymph nodes -spleen -peyer's patches -bone marrow Describe the basic functions of the immune system - Answer -Innate immunity - nonspecific -Includes "danger/damage signals" -Specific immunity - recognition of foreign "antigens" -Vast capacity for recognition of foreign antigens (gene rearrangement) -Immunologic "memory" -Tolerance for self Answer...

T or F: It is common to be infected with HIV through kissing because HIV is found in saliva. - Answer False T or F: In the 1980s, condom use and clean needle programs were highly favorable and widely accepted public health strategies to prevent HIV transmission. - Answer False T or F: Heterosexual men and women cannot get HIV. - Answer False T or F: There is no cure for HIV. - Answer True T or F: HIV was identified as the virus causing AIDS within a few days of the first identified A...

What is NOT a feature of a gram positive bacteria? - Answer It is not pink/red - appears purple with thick peptidoglycan Which of the following is true of endotoxins? - Answer A lipopolysaccharide that is part of the cell wall that gets released on destruction of bacteria (PAMP) Which of the following fictional bacteria might be shaped like small spheres? - Answer Bacteria with "cocci" in the name Which of the following diseases' symptoms are NOT caused by a toxin? - Answer diseas...

Signs - Answer Direct observations by an examiner Symptoms - Answer Complaints reported by the patients Syndrome - Answer A collection of clinical signs, symptoms, and data (vs disease) Etiology - Answer The cause of disease (vs risk factor) Pathology - Answer The study of changes in bodily structure and function that occur as a result of disease Epidemiology - Answer Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations 5 criter...