Carbon nucleophiles Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

How can we make polymers more flexible? - ANSWER By adding a plasticiser How do plasticisers make polymers more flexible? - ANSWER They stick between the chains and keep the polymers further apart from each other, weakening the van der Waals forces and lets chains slide more easily. Uses of Kevlar - ANSWER bulletproof and used in body armour. Uses of Nylon - ANSWER commonly used in textiles. Why are polymers strong? - ANSWER Polymers are bound by van der Waals forces. The intermolecula...

E2 Reaction - ANSWEROne-Step with no intermediates, Base takes off proton + LG leaves with double bond formation. What type of carbons do E2 rxns favor? - ANSWERTertiary What is a Zaitsev product? - ANSWERDouble bond formation on more substituted carbon What is a Hoffman product? - ANSWERDouble bond formation on less substituted carbon When using a stericallly hindered base (t-BuOK, LDA), which product is more favorable? - ANSWERHoffman When using Eto- or less sterically hindered ...

AQA A Level Chemistry- Organic Chemistry questions and answers 100% guaranteed success. Empirical formula - ANS.The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound How to find the empirical formula - ANS.Obtain the mass of each element present in grams (Element % = mass in g = m) Determine the number of moles of each type of atom present Divide the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles Co...

E2 Reaction - One-Step with no intermediates, Base takes off proton + LG leaves with double bond formation. What type of carbons do E2 rxns favor? - Tertiary What is a Zaitsev product? - Double bond formation on more substituted carbon What is a Hoffman product? - Double bond formation on less substituted carbon When using a stericallly hindered base (t-BuOK, LDA), which product is more favorable? - Hoffman When using Eto- or less sterically hindered base, which pro...

Chemical properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions common to both Aldehydes and Ketones The difference between an Aldehyde and a Ketone is the position of the C=O (Carbonyl group). Aldehyde – always on a carbon at the end of the chain Ketone – Always on a carbon at middle carbon of the chain 1. BOTH Aldehydes and Ketones can be reduced Aldehyde reduced to Primary Alcohol Reducing agent = Sodium tetrahydroborate III (NaBH4) Ketone reduced to Secondary Alcohol Reduction Oxidisatio...

Chemical properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions common to both Aldehydes and Ketones The difference between an Aldehyde and a Ketone is the position of the C=O (Carbonyl group). Aldehyde – always on a carbon at the end of the chain Ketone – Always on a carbon at middle carbon of the chain 1. BOTH Aldehydes and Ketones can be reduced Aldehyde reduced to Primary Alcohol Reducing agent = Sodium tetrahydroborate III (NaBH4) Ketone reduced to Secondary Alcohol Reduction Oxidisation ...

what factors explain the outcomes of reactions? hybridization, delocalization, eN, atom density what is a leaving group? - group of atom(s) that can be stable on its own - eN atoms that are good LG also make strong acids what is the α carbon? C directly attached to leaving group what are β Cs? β Hs? βC: C(s) attached to α carbon βH: H(s) attached to βC what is a LB? is it a nucleophile or electrophile? lewis base, nucleophile what is nucleophilic ...

Chemical properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions common to both Aldehydes and Ketones The difference between an Aldehyde and a Ketone is the position of the C=O (Carbonyl group). Aldehyde – always on a carbon at the end of the chain Ketone – Always on a carbon at middle carbon of the chain 1. BOTH Aldehydes and Ketones can be reduced Aldehyde reduced to Primary Alcohol Reducing agent = Sodium tetrahydroborate III (NaBH4) Ketone reduced to Secondary Alcohol Reduction Oxidisatio...

Chemical properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions common to both Aldehydes and Ketones The difference between an Aldehyde and a Ketone is the position of the C=O (Carbonyl group). Aldehyde – always on a carbon at the end of the chain Ketone – Always on a carbon at middle carbon of the chain 1. BOTH Aldehydes and Ketones can be reduced Aldehyde reduced to Primary Alcohol Reducing agent = Sodium tetrahydroborate III (NaBH4) Ketone reduced to Secondary Alcohol Reduction Oxidisatio...

what factors explain the outcomes of reactions? - hybridization, delocalization, eN, atom density what is a leaving group? - - group of atom(s) that can be stable on its own - eN atoms that are good LG also make strong acids what is the α carbon? - C directly attached to leaving group what are β Cs? β Hs? - βC: C(s) attached to α carbon βH: H(s) attached to βC what is a LB? is it a nucleophile or electrophile? - lewis base, nucleophile what is nucleophilic ...