Nfs 1020 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

• What is the physical structure of a carbohydrate (do not memorize details, just be able to explain this and define the shape of carbohydrates). What atoms make up carbohydrates? Organic compound: Made up of Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Macronutrient: Contain Energy, Need a lot of them A primary energy (calorie) source for: Muscles, Brain, Blood Cells, Nerve Cells • What are the major classes of carbohydrates, and what are the differences between the classes? Two Major Classes: Simple Sugars &...

Carbohydrates Macronutrients made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1; Include sugars, starch, and cellulose. Which parts of the body prefer to use carbohydrates for energy? Exercising muscles, red blood cells, and the brain. How much energy (Kcals) do fats provide? 9 calories, almost twice that supplied by carbohydrates and proteins. What are the functions of carbohydrates? Producing energy for the body, reducing the use of protein for energy, is a sou...

How many B vitamins are there? 8 What is another name for Niacin? Vitamin B3 What is another name for Pyridoxine? Vitamin B6 What is another name for Folate? Vitamin B9 What is another name for Cobalamin? Vitamin B12 What is the primary function of the B Vitamins? Act as coenzymes What are 2 Niacin (Vitamin B3) food sources? Meats and fortified cereals Niacin deficiency results in... Pellagra What is pellagra? dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death What is the RDA for Niacin? 14-16 mg/da...

What are sterols made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Sterols include cholesterol vitamin D steroid hormones sex hormones Functions of cholesterol -produces bile -helps brain function properly -stabilizes cell membranes -precursor to some hormones like vitamin D What makes cholesterol Liver Consume less than _____ mg per day to help maintain normal blood cholesterol levels. 300 LDL Cholesterol Low Density Lipoprotein (Bad Cholesterol) HDL Cholesterol High Density Lipoprotein (Good Choleste...

What are the major functions of water in the human body? 1. Transportation-Moves nutrients to cell, removes waste products from cells. 2. Lubricant-Cushions joints, lubricates digestive tract, respiratory tract, and all tissue moistened with mucus. 3. Protector- Maintains adequate pressure and moisture in eye, protects brain and spinal cord, protects growing fetus. 4. Temperature Regulator- Water in sweat is "coolant" for the body

Describe the difference between food infections and food intoxications Food infections: illness transmitted to human beings through food or water. Food intoxications: a poisonous substance arising from microbial toxins, poisonous chemicals, or other harmful substances. What populations are most likely to be seriously impacted from foodborne illness? Older adults, pregnant women, and young children are most likely to be the most impacted by foodborne illness Who is responsible for the majority ...

Retinoids and carotenoids other names for vitamin A retinoids found in liver, fish, eggs, and fortified dairy carotenoids found in carrots, sweet potatoes, apricots, cantaloupe, leafy greens, and veggies Retinoids aids in vision, reproduction, bone health, cell development/differentiation, and immune functions carotinoids and Vitamin E being an antioxidant is their only function A, D, E, K What are the fat soluble vitamins? All the B vitamins, Vitamin C What are the water soluble vitamins?...

What is an Essential Nutrient? An essential nutrient is a nutrient that the body cannot synthesize on its own. What are the six essential nutrients? Carbs, protein, lipids/fats, minerals, vitamins, water. Three types of Carbohydrates Simple sugars, complex carbs, fiber. Essential nutrient that enables chemical reactions in the body vitamins Most calorie dense macronutrient Fats/lipids Unit of measurement used to quantify heat energy Calorie Difference between appetite and hunger Appetite i...

Carb sources Grains, fruits/juices, milk/dairy, some veggies, sugar/sweets Carb primary function Critical energy source for brain AMDR for carbs 45-65%` Signs/symptoms of diabetes slow healing cuts, excessive peeing/thirst, frequent infections, blurry vision, craving sweets, drowsy Type 1 diabetes autoimmune form of diabetes in which the pancreas does not produce insulin Type 2 Diabetes progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin Type 1 diabetes causes geneti...

What are carbohydrates (CHO)? Macronutrients; main purpose: source of energy What parts of the body use carbohydrates for energy? Exercising muscles, RBCs, brain What are carbs made of? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen How much energy (kcals) do they provide? 4kcal/g Functions of carbohydrates Energy, reduces use of protein for energy, source of fiber which promotes GI health, adds sweetness and flavor to foods What type of foods contain carbs? Grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, protein(nuts) Whic...