Bio 280 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

_______________ can create new alleles of existing genes; ______________ can create novel genes. a. insertion mutations, retrotransposition b. unequal crossing over during meiosis, deletion mutations c. polyploidization, insertion mutations d. all of the above are correct - A Alleles a. are found at genetic loci. b. are always dominant or recessive. c. are alternative forms of a phenotype. d. are found in germline tissue only - A Although humans cannot synthesize ascorbic acid (vitamin...

How many chromosomes are found in prokaryotes? Answer> one What is another place that can have DNA in prokaryotes? Answer> plasmid Bacteria generally have a? Answer> single large chromosome Super Coiled DNA is Answer> DNA packed and coiled which is held together by proteins. It is not bounded by a membrane. Plasmids Answer> -Extrachromosomal circular DNA -Contain genes which are not necessary for the organism's survival but which may be useful to it (e.g antibiotic ...

Why should we care about microorganisms Answer> They cause disease Microorganisms are ubiquitous Many are beneficial A typical gram of soil has______ Answer> 10⁹ different kinds of bacteria The human body has more _____ cells than than ______ cells Answer> bacterial, human Where are all these microorganism found in the human body? Answer> Skin Mouth Gi tract (10¹⁰ to 10¹³ cells/gram in large intestines) Respiratory tract Urogenital tract What do you call microorg...

Neutral theory proposes that a. most molecular evolution is due to genetic drift rather than natural selection b. natural selection is not a major cause of phenotypic evolution c. most mutations are neutral with respect to selection d. the substitution rate is not related to the neutral mutation rate Answer> A Natural selection acts on ________; _________ evolve. a. individuals, individuals b. individuals, populations c. populations, individuals d. populations, populations Answer&g...

Microbiology Answer> The study of living things unseen to the eye First Microscope (year and who) Answer> Zacharias Jansen: 1590 Robert Hooke Answer> 1. Biologist/environmentalist 2. British scientist Robert Hooke was the first to.. Answer> describe "cells" and come up with word for description of subcompartments Robert Hooke published.. Answer> Micrographie What was micrographie Answer> 1. Drawings of what he saw through microscope 2. Inspired people to use m...

Holder" on APC cell - Macrophages - Dendritic Cells - B-Lymphocytes - MHC II Adjuvant - Help boost response by "irritating" immune system or clumping Antigens After APC goes to Lymph node... - APC touches and activities naive t-helper cells (TH0) and Tcytotoxic cells (Tc0) T-cell receptor: Membrane protein matches MHC II APC Agglutination - Clumping Fab binds to different antigen-bearing cells, causing clumping Great for Bacteria, larger viruses All antibodies are variations / combi...

Describe the three levels of the bodies defenses specific/solicited? Where? Answer> Level one: on surface -non specific, non-solicited Level two: beneath the surface -non-specific, semi-solicited Level three: systemic responses -specific, solicited What defenses contribute to the level one defenses? type of cells? layering/levels in skin? moisture? also includes? Answer> skin, mucous membranes, chemicals close fitting cells, multi-layered epidermis and dermis, dry also include...

Microbiology - The study of living things unseen to the eye First Microscope (year and who) - Zacharias Jansen: 1590 Robert Hooke - 1. Biologist/environmentalist 2. British scientist Robert Hooke was the first to.. - describe "cells" and come up with word for description of sub-compartments Robert Hooke published.. - Micrographie What was micrographie - 1. Drawings of what he saw through microscope 2. Inspired people to use microscope to look at living things When was Rob...

Why should we care about microorganisms - They cause disease Microorganisms are ubiquitous Many are beneficial A typical gram of soil has______ - 10⁹ different kinds of bacteria The human body has more _____ cells than than ______ cells - bacterial, human Where are all these microorganism found in the human body? - Skin Mouth Gi tract (10¹⁰ to 10¹³ cells/gram in large intestines) Respiratory tract Urogenital tract What do you call microorganisms that live in extreme envi...