Apsc 151 midterm - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

The process of unloading can produce: (a) joints (b) mud cracks (c) pillows (d) cross-bedding (e) leaching - a An unconformity, like the one in the Kingston area, is best defined as: (a) a layer of rocks with very unusual fossils (b) a basal conglomerate (c) a layer of sedimentary rocks (d) a thin, tabular or sheet-like, igneous intrusion (e) a time gap in the rock record - e Weathering produces minerals that are more stable at the Earth's surface. Of the five minerals listed below...

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Glacial drift ~ Refers to all sediments of glacial origin Till ~ Material deposited directly by glacial ice, totally unsorted mixture of many different rock types Lodgement till ~ Smeared deposits during advance of glacier, plastered down and compacted under the ice, more compact and difficult to excavate, stronger soil and low permeability Ablation till ~ Dumped glacial deposits during glacial recession, loose piles of debris left as ice melts at glacier terminus, not very cohesive...

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Elastic modulus ~ Relative stiffness of a material; ratio of elastic stress to elastic strain Strength ~ Stress level when failure/yield occurs for a given material Cohesion ~ Shear strength of a material not dependent on normal pressure Friction ~ Shear strength of a material that is dependent on normal pressure Ductility ~ Relationship between stress and strain after the yield of a material has been reached Porosity ~ The percentage of the total volume of a rock or sediment that c...

Which of the following sedimentary rocks is usually biochemical in origin? a) bedded salt b) conglomerate c)sandstone d) wacke e) limestone ~ e What platy, parallel, mineral grains are the most visual aspect of foliated metamorphic rocks? a) carbonates b) quartz c) cocoliths d) micas e) feldspars ~ Lava flows are typically finer grained than intrusive igneous rocks. Why? a) The extrusive magma, because it is deep below the surface, cools very slowly producing very ...

2 types of Lustre ~ 1. metallic 2. non-metallic Basic 3D mineral form ~ tetrahedron Softest, hardest mineral according to mohs scale of relative hardness ~ talc, diamond Conchoidal fracture ~ smooth curved surface 3 components of magma: ~ 1. melt 2. solids 3. volatiles Geothermal gradient ~ heat increases with depth in crust Igneous rock ~ cooled magma Extrusive igneous rock ~ magma solidified at surface Intrusive igneous rock ~ magma solidified at depth Plutonic rocks ~ i...