Resume
Summary Social Research Methods
- Cours
- Onderzoeksmethodologie
- Établissement
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Summary of the book 'Social Research Methods'
[Montrer plus]
Livre connecté
Titre de l’ouvrage:
Auteur(s):
- Édition:
- ISBN:
- Édition:
Aperçu du contenu
Summary Social Research MethodsSummary Social Research Methods........................................................................................................1
Chapter 1 – The nature and process of social research....................................................................10
Introduction..................................................................................................................................10
What is meant by ‘social research’?.............................................................................................10
Why do social research?...............................................................................................................10
The context of social research methods.......................................................................................10
Elements of the process of social research...................................................................................11
Literature review......................................................................................................................12
Concepts and theories..............................................................................................................12
Research questions...................................................................................................................12
Sampling cases..........................................................................................................................13
Data collection..........................................................................................................................13
Data analysis.............................................................................................................................13
Writing up.................................................................................................................................13
Chapter 2: Social research strategies: quantitative research and qualitative research....................14
Introduction..................................................................................................................................14
Theory and research.....................................................................................................................14
What type of theory?................................................................................................................14
What is empiricism?.................................................................................................................14
Deductive and inductive theory................................................................................................14
Epistemological considerations....................................................................................................15
A natural science epistemology: positivism..............................................................................15
What is positivism?...............................................................................................................15
What is realism?...................................................................................................................15
Interpretivism...........................................................................................................................16
What is interpretivism?........................................................................................................16
Ontological considerations...........................................................................................................16
Objectivism...............................................................................................................................16
What is objectivism?.............................................................................................................16
Constructionism........................................................................................................................17
What is constructionism?.....................................................................................................17
Relationship to social research.................................................................................................17
Research strategy: quantitative and qualitative research.............................................................17
Influences on the conduct of social research................................................................................17
1
, Values.......................................................................................................................................17
Practical considerations............................................................................................................18
Chapter 3: Research designs.........................................................................................................18
Introduction..................................................................................................................................18
What is a research design?.......................................................................................................18
What is a research method?.....................................................................................................18
Quality criteria in social research..................................................................................................18
Reliability..................................................................................................................................18
Replication................................................................................................................................18
Validity......................................................................................................................................18
What is a variable?...................................................................................................................19
Relationship with research strategy.........................................................................................19
What is naturalism?..................................................................................................................20
Research designs..........................................................................................................................20
Experimental design.................................................................................................................20
Manipulation........................................................................................................................20
Classical experimental design...............................................................................................20
Classical experimental design and validity............................................................................21
The laboratory experiment...................................................................................................21
Quasi-experiments................................................................................................................21
Logic of comparison..............................................................................................................21
What is evaluation research?...................................................................................................21
What is a cross-sectional research design?...............................................................................21
Cross-sectional design..............................................................................................................21
Reliability, replicability, and validity.....................................................................................22
Non-manipulable variables...................................................................................................22
Cross-sectional design and research strategy.......................................................................22
What is survey research?..........................................................................................................22
Longitudinal design(s)...............................................................................................................23
Case study design.....................................................................................................................23
What is a case?.....................................................................................................................23
Reliability, replicability, and validity.....................................................................................24
Types of cases.......................................................................................................................24
Case study as intensive analysis............................................................................................24
Longitudinal research and the case study.............................................................................24
Comparative design..................................................................................................................25
2
, Bringing research strategy and research design together............................................................25
Chapter 4: Planning a research project and formulating research questions...................................26
Getting to know what is expected of you by your institution.......................................................26
Thinking about your research area...............................................................................................26
Using your supervisor...................................................................................................................26
Managing time and resources......................................................................................................26
Formulating suitable research questions......................................................................................26
Criteria for evaluating research questions................................................................................27
Writing your research proposal....................................................................................................27
Preparing for your research?........................................................................................................28
Doing your research and analysing your results...........................................................................28
Chapter 9 – Structured interviewing.................................................................................................28
Introduction..................................................................................................................................28
What is a structured interview?...................................................................................................28
The structured interview..............................................................................................................28
Reducing error due to interviewer variability...........................................................................28
Accuracy and ease of data processing......................................................................................29
Other types of interview...........................................................................................................29
Major types of interview..............................................................................................................30
Interview contexts........................................................................................................................30
More than one interviewee......................................................................................................30
More than one interviewer.......................................................................................................30
In person or by telephone?.......................................................................................................31
Computer-assisted interviewing...............................................................................................32
Using mobile phones for interview surveys..............................................................................32
Conducting interviews..................................................................................................................32
Know the schedule...................................................................................................................32
Introducing the research..........................................................................................................32
Rapport.....................................................................................................................................33
Asking questions.......................................................................................................................33
Recording answers....................................................................................................................33
Clear instructions......................................................................................................................33
Question order.........................................................................................................................33
Probing.....................................................................................................................................34
Prompting.................................................................................................................................34
Leaving the interview................................................................................................................35
3
, Training and supervision...........................................................................................................35
Problems with structured interviewing........................................................................................35
Characteristics of interviewers.................................................................................................35
Response sets...........................................................................................................................35
Acquiescence........................................................................................................................35
Social desirability bias...........................................................................................................36
The problem of meaning..........................................................................................................36
The feminist critique.................................................................................................................36
Chapter 10 – Self-administered questionnaires...............................................................................36
Self-administered questionnaire or postal questionnaire?...........................................................36
Evaluating the self-administered questionnaire in relation to the structured interview..............36
Advantages of the self-administered questionnaire over the structured interview.................37
Cheaper to administer..........................................................................................................37
Quicker to administer...........................................................................................................37
Absence of interviewer effects.............................................................................................37
No interviewer variability.....................................................................................................37
Convenience for respondents...............................................................................................37
Disadvantages of the self-administered questionnaire in comparison with the structured
interview...................................................................................................................................37
Cannot prompt.....................................................................................................................37
Cannot probe........................................................................................................................37
Cannot ask many questions that are not salient to respondents..........................................37
Difficulty of asking other kinds of questions.........................................................................38
Questionnaire can be read as whole.....................................................................................38
Do not know who answers...................................................................................................38
Cannot collect additional data..............................................................................................38
Difficult to ask a lot of questions...........................................................................................38
Not appropriate for some kinds of respondent....................................................................38
Greater risk of missing data..................................................................................................38
Lower response rates............................................................................................................38
Steps to improve response rates to postal questionnaires.......................................................38
Designing the self-administered questionnaire............................................................................39
Do not cramp the presentation................................................................................................39
Clear presentation....................................................................................................................39
Vertical or horizontal closed-ended answers?..........................................................................39
Identifying response sets in a Likert scale.............................................................................40
4
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur joymennings. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €6,49. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?
4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)
73314 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours
Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 14 ans