BIO 240 Module1 Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version
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BIO 240
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BIO 240
What are the two types of bone?
→ compact and spongy
Compact bone
→ (dense/cortical bone) rigid connective bone tissue that appears white, smooth, and
solid; 80% of total bone mass
Spongy bone
→ (cancellous/trabecular bone) located internal to compact bone and appears porous;
20% of ...
BIO 240 Module1 Questions and Correct
Answers the Latest Update and
Recommended Version
What are the two types of bone?
→ compact and spongy
Compact bone
→ (dense/cortical bone) rigid connective bone tissue that appears white, smooth, and
solid; 80% of total bone mass
Spongy bone
→ (cancellous/trabecular bone) located internal to compact bone and appears porous;
20% of total bone mass
cartilage
→ semirigid connective tissue that is more flexible than bone
What are the the types of cartilage?
→ hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Hyaline Cartliage
→ attaches ribs to sternum (costal cartilage), covers bone edges (articular cartilage),
withing growth plates (epiphyseal plates), and provides model for formation of fetal
skeleton
→ A weight-bearing cartilage that withstands compression; forms the intervertebral discs,
the pubic symphysis & cartilage pads of the knee joints (menisci)
Ligaments
→ dense regular connective tissue anchors bone to bone
Tendons
→ dense regular connective tissue anchors muscle to bone
What are the components of our skeletal system?
→ skeletal bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissue
What are the basic functions of bones?
→ support and protection, levers of movement, hematopoiesis, and storage of mineral
and energy reserves.
Give an example of bones providing protection and support.
→ rib cage shielding heart and lungs, pelvis encloses urinary and reproductive organs as
well as the end of the gastrointestinal tract
Give an example of bones providing a lever for movement.
→ bones are the attachment sites for skeletal muscles. When the muscle contracts it will
pull on the skeleton which functions as a system of levers.
Hematopoiesis
→ blood cell formation; occurs in red bone marrow, which contain stem cells
How do bones serve as mineral and energy reserves?
→ bones store most calcium and phosphate; Calcium is important for muscle contraction
and blood clotting; Phosphate is used in ATP and phospholipids
→ When needed, bone connective tissue is broken down and minerals are released into
blood
→ Energy from lipids can be stored in yellow bone marrow
What are the four classes of bones?
→ long, short, flat, irregular
Long bones
→ long than they are wide; most common
short bones
→ length nearly equal to width; carpals and tarsals
Flat bones
→ flat, thin surface to provide for muscle attachment and protection of underlying soft
tissue; roof of skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs
Irregular bones
→ don't fit into other categories; vertebrae, ossa coxae
diaphysis of a long bone
→ the shaft of a long bone; composed of compact bone with spongy bone interior
medullary cavity (long bone)
→ hollow, cylindrical cavity within shaft of long bone filled with yellow bone marrow
→ growth plate; thin layer of hyaline cartilage; found in the metaphysis region of long
bones
epiphyseal line
→ remnant of the epiphyseal plate, seen in adult bones
Periosteum (long bone)
→ membrane covering the surface of bones (except where there is articular cartilage);
consists of two layers:
→ Outer fibrous layer of dense irregular CT and inner cellular layer
What is the purpose of the periosteum outer layer?
→ protects bone from surrounding structures, anchors blood vessels and nerves to surface
of bone, and attachment site for ligaments and tendons
What is the purpose of the periosteum inner layer?
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