descriptive statistics correct answers statistics that summarize the data collected in a study
inferential statistics correct answers numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance
nominal correct answers no rank (category)...
PSYC 305 Midterm || All Answers Are Correct 100%.
descriptive statistics correct answers statistics that summarize the data collected in a study
inferential statistics correct answers numerical methods used to determine whether research data
support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance
factorial design correct answers more than one IV ex. 2 factors with 2 levels = 2x2 factorial
design)
one-way ANOVA assumptions correct answers population distribution of DV is normal within
each group, homogeneity of variance
type I error inflation correct answers when alpha = 0.05, the more trials you do one is statistically
bound to be significant purely by probability error
model variance correct answers mean of sum of squared deviations, variance between groups
which is due to IV or different factor levels
residual variance correct answers variability due to chance ex. pre-existing individual differences
amongst participants
omnibus correct answers overall test (F-ratio or One-Way ANOVA)
Sheffe's test correct answers groups can have different sample sizes; less sensitive (robust); most
conservative (unlikely to reject H0 so good to avoid Type I error)
Tukey's HSD test correct answers for equal sample sizes; less conservative; use studentized
range statistic (Q)
, Turkey-Kramer test correct answers unequal sample sizes
test of skewness correct answers calculate |Zskew| > 1.96 (reject H0)
positive skewness correct answers
negative skewness correct answers
K-S/Shapiro-Wilk tests correct answers p < 0.05 (reject H0)
violation of homogeneity of variance comes from correct answers too many rejections of H0
(Type I error)
Fmax test of Hartley correct answers find sample variances of every group and compare
max/min to Fcritical
Levene's test correct answers measures how much each score deviates from the mean
how can you adjust for normality/homogeneity of variance violations correct answers data
transformations ex. Box-Cox Transformation or Kruskal-Wallis
empirical probability correct answers proportion of the events that you're interested in
p-value correct answers probability of getting a test statistic at least as large as the one observed
relative to all t-null for an infinite # of trials
publication bias correct answers significant results get published over non-significant
researcher degrees of freedom correct answers researchers showing the results in the most
flattering way possible
p-hacking correct answers selective reporting of p-values ex. multiple analyses and reporting the
only one that's significant
HARKing correct answers hypothesizing after results are known, but make it seem like you
hypothesized before
p-curve correct answers # of p-values you'd expect for each value of p
tests of excess success correct answers "too good to be true" results
EMBERS (combo NHST problems) correct answers effect sizes (measure)
meta-analysis (take average of effect sizes for all studies)
bayesian estimation (updating hypotheses based on new information)
registration (publicly register methods, etc. before data collection)
sense (work hard to understand NHST)
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