What makes a good vaccine? - answer-Variolation or Inoculation (Safety)
Vaccination (Cost)
Effectiveness
Type of Immunity
Vaccine Production - answer-Dried up small pox scabs, ship live cows to make the vaccine, own farms for vaccine production, infect egg with virus to make the vaccine, DNA...
MDSC 321 Midterm 1 Study set 2024
What makes a good vaccine? - answer-✔Variolation or Inoculation (Safety)
Vaccination (Cost)
Effectiveness
Type of Immunity
Vaccine Production - answer-✔Dried up small pox scabs, ship live cows to make
the vaccine, own farms for vaccine production, infect egg with virus to make the
vaccine, DNA vaccines take a gene that codes for one of the proteins to inject with
the piece of DNA. Can't control where gene goes.
Vaccine Composition (Live Attenuated) - answer-✔Weakened or less virulent
pathogen
Actually infect the host
Robust immune response
Long lasting memory
Ex. Measles, Mumps
Vaccine Composition (Killed) - answer-✔Whole killed pathogens (lots of potential
antigens)
Unable to infect the host
Weaker, short lived immunity
Often requires multiple boosters
Ex. Polio, Influenza
,Vaccine Composition (Subunit or Toxoid) - answer-✔Specific molecules isolated
from a pathogen
Unable to infect the host
Weaker, short lived humoral (Ab) immunity
Often requires multiple boosters
Ex. Diphtheria, Tetanus
How is vaccination influenced by public perception? - answer-✔Autism, falsified
data, fraudulent. Not immunized you will get the disease. Herd immunity threshold
for a number of infectious diseases such as measles, diphtheria, mumps etc.
Do we need to be vaccinated against everything? - answer-✔Effect of vaccinating
for one disease on other disease.
- Chicken pox and shingles are cause by the same virus
Chicken pox significant decrease but increase in shingles people are not as exposed
to chicken pox and your immune system gets lazy
How has our world changed? - answer-✔Smallpox is the only disease eradicated in
history of humans by world wide vaccination effort. Spend $1 on a vaccine and
save $30
Are antibodies a silver bullet drug? - answer-✔Stick to a target and mutualize each
other so then the disease cannot stick to your cells and infect you.
Antibodies - Therapeutics - answer-✔-Antibodies are a protein produced by the
immune system that specifically recognizes target molecules
-Antibody therapeutics bind and neutralize targets, activate cells, kill cells, and
modulate immunity
, -Represents the first immune treatments (>100 years ago)
- More than 30 licenced monoclonal Ab are sold in the US for treatment of human
disease
-8 /20 best selling biotech drugs were antibodies
-Currently used to treat cancers (colon, brain, lymphoma, leukemia, breast)
- Treat autoimmunity (lupus, arthritis, MS, asthma, IBD, Crohn's, diabetes)
- Treat infections (Hep B, HIV, sepsis, rabies, tetanus, C.difficile, anthrax)
- Prevent transplant rejection
Antibodies AB structures developed from non-rodent/non-primate species -
answer-✔Not all anitbodies are the same, structural differences confer functional
differences
IgM- sticks to target
IgD-
IgG-making when you vaccinate someone
IgE-allergies
IgA- GI tract keeps gut lining from getting effected
Antibodies - Structure - answer-✔Bispecific - could recognize two things are the
same time
"Smart Drugs"- Immunotoxins/ Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADC) - answer-
✔Direct a drug to a specific target recognized by the antibody. Conventional
Chemotherapy: recognize the tumor cell, place the drug and kill it
Infectious Disease - answer-✔Worldwide, 1 in 3 deaths is attributable to infectious
disease
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