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Summary of all the required scientific articles
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Summary of all the required scientific articles with pictures from the different models for the course Risk behaviour and addiction in adolescence.
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Risk behaviour and addiction inadolescence – literature
Content
Lecture 1: an introduction to risk behavior and the development of
substance and behavioral addictions during adolescence...........................3
Sussman: A general introduction to the concept of addiction and
addictive effects....................................................................................3
Gladwin et al.: Addiction, adolescence and the integration of control
and motivation.......................................................................................9
Trucco & Hartmann: Understanding the etiology of adolescent
substance use through developmental perspectives...........................12
Hall: Cannabis use and the mental health of young people................14
Lecture 2: The role of peers: should peers be considered a risk or
protective factor?.......................................................................................16
Laninga-Wijnen et al.: Peer similarity in adolescent social networks:
types of selection, influence, and factors contribution to openness to
peer influence......................................................................................16
Hoeben et al.: What adolescents do or say to actively influence peers:
compliance-gaining tactics and adolescent deviance..........................20
Lecture 3: International teen trends in substance use: what’s driving them?
...................................................................................................................24
Ball et al.: The great decline in adolescent risk behaviors: unitary
trend, separate trends, or cascade?....................................................24
Lecture 4: The role of parents in the development of risk behavior and
addiction....................................................................................................27
Koning et al.: Alcohol-specific parenting, adolescents’ self-control, and
alcohol use: a moderated mediation model.........................................27
Koning et al.: Bidirectional effects of internet-specific parenting
practices and compulsive social media and internet game use..........28
Lecture 5: Prevention of risk behaviour and addiction in young people.....30
Onrust et al.: School-based programmes to reduce and prevent
substance use in different age groups: What works for whom?...........30
Kleinjan & Engels: Substance use: determinants and opportunities for
prevention in the family and school context........................................34
Lecture 6: Individual vulnerability to risk behaviour and addiction............37
, Castellanos-Ryan & Conrod: Personality and addiction processes.......37
Peeters et al.: Dynamic associations between anxiety symptoms and
drinking behavior from early adolescence to young adulthood...........41
Kreek et al.: Genetic influences on impulsivity, risk taking, stress
responsivity and vulnerability to drug abuse and addiction................42
Lecture 7: Neurobiological and behavioural mechanisms of addiction......47
Volkow et al: Neurobiological advances from the brain disease model
of addiction..........................................................................................47
Lecture 8: The problem of addiction: behavioural interventions and clinical
treatment...................................................................................................48
Sussman: Cessation: intrapersonal-level approaches..........................48
Michie et al: The behaviour change wheel: a new method for
characterizing and designing behaviour change interventions...........55
,Lecture 1: an introduction to risk behavior
and the development of substance and
behavioral addictions during adolescence
Sussman: A general introduction to the concept of addiction and
addictive effects
Both substance and behavioral addictions describe behavior that results in
clinically significant impairment. Substance addiction pertains to repetitive
intake of a drug or food. Behavioral addiction pertains to engaging in types
of behaviors repetitively which are not directly taken into the body such as
gambling or sex.
Physiological withdrawal symptoms are the appearance of both physical
and psychological symptoms which are caused by physiological
adaptations in the CNS and the brain due to chronic exposure to a
substance.
Blood-brain barrier: filtering mechanism of the capillaries that carry blood
to the brain and spinal cord tissue, blocking the passage of certain
substances.
Endogenous ligand: naturally occurring neurotransmitter. Behavioral
addictions alter endogenous ligand functions. Neurotransmission can
become reliant on participation in a behavioral addiction leading to
withdrawal-like symptoms upon abrupt termination of the addictive
behavior.
At its origin, addiction generally referred to ‘giving over’ or being ‘highly
devoted’ to a person or activity. Over the last 400 years statements have
been made about addiction that began to frame it as a phenomenon that
involved strong, overpowering urges. Many conceptualizations pertain to a
malfunction of the CNS in some way.
History:
Tobacco addiction: The public consensus that nicotine was addictive, and
the driving force behind regular tobacco use, occurred with publication of
the Surgeon General’s report on nicotine addiction in 1988.
Alcohol addiction: NIAAA: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism. Alcohol misuse has been noted throughout written history.
Opium-related addiction: initial use of opium was described as ‘divine
enjoyment’. Recognition of the consequential increasing prevalence of
opium misuse and addiction led to development of patent medications
used to treat it.
Cocaine addiction: replacement medications that did not contain opiate
, derivatives to treat opiate addictions also led to new problematic drug use.
In 1880 cocaine grew in popularity due to its treatment for an opium habit.
In 1905 Samuel Hopkins Adams exposed the patent medication industry’s
use of great amounts of opium and cocaine in their medicines.
Marijuana addiction: engaging in socially embarrassing behaviors while
under the influence of marijuana was noted. In 1857 Ludlow described his
experiences with marijuana use, including battles with dependence.
Food addiction: there is no ancient history regarding food addiction.
The historical literature presents descriptions of gambling and sex
addictions. At the end of the nineteenth century, there was some
suggestion that certain behaviors were morally wrong or problematic.
Except for gambling addiction, 12-step organizations created for
behavioral addictions were established only from the 1970s.
Vice: behaviors which are pleasurable, popular, possibly voluntary, and
wicked.
While there is not that much written information on the history of the
addictions as being addictions, this does not mean that they did not exist.
The historical records do depict:
Increasing engagement in certain behavior and reduction of
alternative behavior
Difficulties stopping the behavior
Thinking or acting bizarrely
Sleep difficulties
Social withdrawal
Depression symptomatology
Such consequences as placing oneself in danger for accidents or
violence
An intensional definition of addiction pertains to causal or process model
type statements of addictions. These models describe an addictive
behavioral process and at maximum an etiology (causal story).
An extensional definition of addiction provides a taxonomy of addiction
elements, which subsequently might be organized into a more intensional
theory.
Intensional definitions of addiction:
1. Physiological and psychological dependence
The physiological/psychological dependence definition of addiction
pertains to prolonged engagement in a behavior that results in its
continued performance being necessary for physiologic and psychological
equilibrium.
Tolerance refers to the need to engage in the behavior at a relatively
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