NU606 Exam 2 Questions with All Correct Answers
What is the difference between typical and atypical Pneumonia? - Answer- Typical: bacteria in the alveoli
-lobar: affects an entire love of the lung
-bronchopneumonia: patchy distribution over more than one lobe
Atypical: viral and mycoplasm...
What is the difference between typical and atypical Pneumonia? - Answer- Typical:
bacteria in the alveoli
-lobar: affects an entire love of the lung
-bronchopneumonia: patchy distribution over more than one lobe
Atypical: viral and mycoplasma infections of the alveolar septum or interstitium
What causes Typical PN? - Answer- Typical pneumonia can result from infection by
bacteria that multiply extracellularly in the alveoli and cause inflammation and exudation
of fluid into air-filled aveloar spaces.t
What is atypical PN caused by? - Answer- Viral and mycoplasma infections
What causes Tuberculosis (TB)?
Describes the organism that causes it. - Answer- Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is a
rod shaped aerobic bacteria with a waxy capsule and waxy cell wall
What is dry eye? - Answer- Dry eye is a multi-factorial disease characterized by a
unstable tear film. Deterioration or disruption of the film can be caused by aging, from
loss of reflex lacrimal secretion, contact lenses, Sjogren syndrome.
Primary TB - Answer- First time disease enters the body
-Nodules in lung tissue and lymph nodes, calcium may deposit in the fatty area of
necrosis.
-Visible on X-rays
Secondary TB - Answer- reinfection from inhaled droplet nuclei or reactivation of a
previously healed primary lesion
-immediate cell-mediated response walls off infection in airways
Extrapulmonary TB - Answer- During secondary TB, bacilli disseminate to regional
lymph nodes, kidneys, long bones, genital tract, brain, and meninges
These complications are grave
What is the Ghon focus? - Answer- Granulomatous lesion containing macrophages, T
cells, inactive TB bacteria
-body's immune system corners and quarantines the TB INFECTION
In primary TB, does calcium deposit in the fatty area of necrosis? - Answer- Yes
,What is Bovine tuberculosis ? - Answer- Acquired by drinking milk from infected cows,
initially affects GI TRACT
Virtually eradicated in North America
Conjunctivitis - Answer- inflammation of the conjunctiva
Does small cell lung cancer usually metalized at the time of diagnosis?
What are the risk factors? - Answer- YES
How does cigarette smoking lead to cancer? - Answer- Toxins in the cigarettes alter the
lung cell DNA
Smoke from smoking contains carcinogenic chemicals that trigger genetic changes
converting normal bronchial cells to cancer cells.
Which type of TB may be reactivated if the patient becomes immunocompromised?
a. Primary
b. Latent
c. Miliary
d. Secondary - Answer- D. Secondary
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
What causes it? How is it treated? - Answer- Lack of surfactant, infants not strong
enough to inflate their alveoli
- mechanical ventilation, artificial surfactant
True or False: Premature infants are at greater risk of developing respiratory distress
syndrome than term infants - Answer- TRUE
What is Croup?
What organism causes it?
What happens in Croup? - Answer- Affects 1-2 year olds
-parainfluenza virus, adenovirus
Barking cough, nasal congestion,
- larynx and subglottic area becomes inflamed with swelling and exudate. Hoarse voice
and expiratory strider, more severe at night
*steam from a hot bath helps*
What happens in Croup? - Answer- In young children, the larynx and subglottic area
becomes inflamed with swelling and exudate, leading to obstruction and a characteristic
barking cough (croup), hoarse voice and inspiratory stridor. This condition often
becomes more severe at night.
What is epiglottitis? - Answer- It is an acute infection usually caused by H. influenza
type B. Infection causes swelling of the larynx, supraglottic area and epiglottis, which
appears as a round, red ball obstructing the airway
, What organism causes histoplasmosis? Is the organism a fungus? Where is the
organism found? - Answer- Histoplasmosis capsulatum
Yes
In the soil
What causes Bronchiolitis? What does the virus do? - Answer- The Respiratory
Syncytial virus ( RSV) causes necrosis and inflammation in the small bronchi and
bronchioles, with edema, increased secretions, and reflex bronchospasms leading to
obstruction of small airways
All of the following are true EXCEPT:
a. Sinusitis is the inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
b. Rhinoviruses are the most common viral pathogen that causes sinusitis
c. Being flight attendants can lead to increase sinus ventilation and this can cause
sinusitis
d. Nasal polyps can obstruct the sinus openings and facilitate sinus infections - Answer-
c. Being flight attendants can lead to increase sinus ventilation and this can cause
sinusitis
A client's chest x-ray and pathology report identify a granulomatous lesion that contains
the tubercle bacilli. The health care provider uses which term to describe this lesion?
a. Ghon focus
b. Tubercles
c. Surfactant
d. Macrophages - Answer- a. Ghon focus
Define Keratitis - Answer- Refers to inflammation of the cornea, which can result in
partial or total loss of vision caused by infectious or noninfectious sources
Define Cataract - Answer- Lens opacity that interferes with the transmission of light to
the retina
- effects of aging, genetic influences, environmental and metabolic influences, drugs,
and injury
Which of the following is known to affect pupillary reflex?
A. Opiate usage
B. Damage to CN II
C. Infection of the uveal tract
D. Increase in intraocular pressure - Answer- A. Opiate usage
What are opportunistic pathogens? - Answer- Only affects you when your immune
system is trash, e.g those with HIV/AIDs (Usually die of secondary infection)
What are prions? - Answer- No genome, proteins
Can cause disease
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