TEST BANK FOR
1 1
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chapter 01: Introduction
1 1
MULTIPLE1CHOICE
1. Which1of1the1following1is1an1example1of1tertiary1prevention?
a. Vaccination1for1rotavirus1for1children1 younger1than1the1age1of111 year
b. Surgical1amputation1of1an1extremity1with1osteosarcoma1(bone1cancer)
c. Screening1for1gestational1diabetes1after1241weeks1of1pregnancy
d. Sexual1education1program1in1elementary1schools
e. Increasing1taxes1for1buying1cigarettes1
ANS:1B
Surgical1amputation1of1an1extremity1with1osteosarcoma1(bone1cancer)1is1an1example1in1which1
when1a1disease1is1present1the1treatment1(amputation)1is1done1to1reduce1the1impact1of1disease1b
y1preventing1the1tumor1from1dissemination.1Vaccination1for1rotavirus1for1children1younger1tha
n1the1age1of111year,1sexual1education1program1in1elementary1schools,1and1increasing1taxes1for1
buying1cigarettes1represent1examples1of1primary1prevention.1Screening1for1gestational1diabete
s1after1241weeks1of1pregnancy1is1an1example1of1secondary1prevention.
2. This1historic1character1observed1that1childbed1fever1mortality1was1more1common1among1
women1treated1by1physicians1and1medical1students1compared1with1women1treated1by1midw
ives.1Based1on1his1observations,1he1implemented1a1hand1wash1policy1that1resulted1in1a1decre
ase1in1mortality.1Name1the1character1that1we1are1talking1about.
a. John1Snow
b. Edward1Jenner
c. D.A.1Henderson
d. Leon1Gordis
e. Ignaz1Semmelweis
ANS:1E
1
Ignaz1Semmelweis1identified1that1medical1students1and1physicians1transmitted1the1disease1by1
not1washing1their1hands1after1examining1bodies1at1autopsies1and1conducting1multiple1examin
ations1in1the1clinic.
3. Thanks1to1the1contributions1of1Edward1Jenner,1the1following1disease1was1eradicated1later1
by1efforts1organized1by1D.A.1Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,Test1Bank 1-2
ANS:1B
Smallpox1was1eradicated1in11980.1Edward1Jenner1vaccinated1James1Phipps1in117961against1
smallpox.1Almost12001years1later,1the1World1Health1Organization1(WHO)1commissioned
D.A.1Henderson1to1lead1the1efforts1to1eradicate1the1disease.
4. Over1the1past1century,1a1marked1decline1in1the1mortality1rates1of1many1infectious1diseases1
has1been1observed.1Which1of1the1following1is1the1most1likely1reason1for1the1observed1decline1
in1mortality1rates1from1common1infectious1diseases?
a. Development1of1penicillin
b. Development1of1insulin
c. Development1of1vaccines
d. Improvement1in1social1conditions
e. Worse1sanitation1and1unsafe1water1
ANS:1D
Although1medical1treatments1potentially1helped1in1the1decrease1of1infectious1diseases,1the1
advancement1in1social1conditions1played1a1major1role.1These1improvements1include1better1
sanitation,1safe1disposal1of1waste,1better1nutrition,1and1improvement1in1housing1conditions.
Chapter102:1The1Dynamics1of1Disease1Transmission
Test1Bank1MULTIPL
E1CHOICE
1. Which1term1most1accurately1describes1the1following1definition?1“The1occurrence1in1a1co
mmunity1or1region1of1cases1of1an1illness,1specific1health-related1behavior,1or1other1health-
1related1events1clearly1in1excess1of1normal1expectancy.”1[Porta1M,1ed.1A1Dictionary1of1Epide
miology.1New1York:1Oxford1University1Press;12014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack1rate
e. Incubation1period
ANS:1B
1
An1epidemic1is1the1occurrence1of1health-
related1events1in1a1community1or1region,1in1clear1excess1of1normal1expectation.1Endemic1is1
not1true1because1it1is1defined1as1the1constant1occurrence1of1a1disease,1disorder,1or1noxious1in
fectious1agent1in1a1geographic1area1or1population1group.1Pandemic1is1not1true1because1it1is1d
efined1as1an1epidemic1occurring1over1a1very1wide1area,1crossing1international1boundaries,1an
d1usually1affecting1a1large1number1of
Copyright1©120201by1Elsevier,1Inc.1All1rights1reserved
.
,Test1Bank 1-3
people.1Attack1rate1is1not1true1because1it1is1defined1as1number1of1people1at1risk1in1whom1a1c
ertain1illness1develops1over1total1number1of1people1at1risk.1Incubation1period1is1not1true1bec
ause1it1is1the1interval1from1receipt1of1infection1to1the1time1of1onset1of1clinical1illness1(the1ons
et1of1recognizable1symptoms).
2. What1is1the1most1accurate1definition1of1the1incubation1period1(of1an1infectious1disease)?
a. The1time1of1onset1of1clinical1illness1or1the1onset1of1recognizable1symptoms
b. The1interval1from1receipt1of1infection1to1the1time1of1onset1of1clinical1illness1(the1onset1of
1recognizable1symptoms)
c. The1time1of1invasion1by1an1infectious1agent
d. The1time1between1initiation1of1infection1and1first1shedding1or1excretion1of1the1agent
e. The1period1between1exposure1and1the1onset1of1infectiousness
ANS:1B
1
The1incubation1period1is1defined1as1the1interval1from1receipt1of1infection1to1the1time1of1onset1
of1clinical1illness1(the1onset1of1recognizable1symptoms);1in1other1words,1the1time1between1the1
moment1of1developing1symptoms1and1the1moment1of1invasion1by1an1infectious1agent.1“The1ti
me1of1onset1of1clinical1illness1or1the1onset1of1recognizable1symptoms”1is1not1true1as1it1corresp
onds1to1“time1of1onset.”1“The1time1of1invasion1by1an1infectious1agent”1is1not1true1as1it1corresp
onds1to1“time1of1infection.”1“The1time1between1initiation1of1infection1and1first1shedding1or1ex
cretion1of1the1agent”1and1“The1period1between1exposure1and1the1onset1of1infectiousness”1are1
not1true1as1they1correspond1to1the1latent1period.1(The1latent1period1is1focusing1on1the1onset1of1
infectiousness,1but1the1incubation1period1is1focusing1on1the1onset1of1the1symptom.)
3. There1was1a1food1poisoning1outbreak1on1April11,12018,1at1the1City1Z1Food1Safety1Conferen
ce.1There1were11,0001people1registered1for1the1conference1with1luncheon,11001volunteers1to1h
ost1attendees,1and1501people1who1served1the1luncheon1during1the1conference.1Except1for1501p
eople1who1served1the1food,1all1of1the1participants1and1volunteers1ate1the1food1from1the1lunche
on1at1the1conference1on1April11,12018.1Based1only1on1the1information1given1in1this1question,1h
ow1many1people1are1at1risk1in1this1food1poisoning1outbreak?
a.11,000
b.11,100
c.11,150
d.1150
e.1501A
NS:1B
People1at1risk1in1this1outbreak1are1people1who1were1exposed1to1the1food1at1the1conference.1E
ven1though11,1501people1were1at1the1conference,1501people1who1served1the1food1did1not1eat1t
he1food.1Therefore1we1have1to1exclude1those1501people.
4. There1was1a1food1poisoning1outbreak1on1April11,12018,1at1the1City1Z1Food1Safety1Confer
ence.1There1were11,0001people1registered1for1the1conference1with1luncheon,11001volunteers1
to1host1attendees,1and1501people1who1served1the1luncheon1during1the1conference.1Except1for1
501people1who1served1the1food,1all1of1the1participants1and1volunteers1ate1the1food
Copyright1©120201by1Elsevier,1Inc.1All1rights1reserved
.
, Test1Bank 1-4
from1the1luncheon1at1the1conference1on1April11,12018.1After1an1initial1outbreak1of1food1poiso
ning1is1reported,1an1epidemiologist1sends1surveys1to1all1people1at1risk1to1investigate1the1cause
.1However,1only19001people1among1those1at1risk1answer1the1survey.1After1analysis1of19001sur
vey1results,1the1epidemiologist1concludes1that1the1most1suspected1foods1in1the1outbreak1are1p
epperoni1pizza1and1meatball1spaghetti.1What1is1the1overall1attack1rate1for1those1who1ate1meat
ball1spaghetti?1Use1the1following1table1to1answer1the1question.
Summary1of1Survey1Responses
Number1of1people1who1devel Number1of1people1who1ate1the1
oped1the1case1definition1symp food
toms
Pepperoni1pizza1only 113 275
Meatball1spaghetti1only 62 375
Both1pepperoni1pizza1and1 57 150
meatball1spaghetti
Neither1of1pepperoni1pizza1or1 10 100
meatball1spaghetti
a.141%
b.138%
c.127%
d.140%
e.123%1
ANS:1E
To1calculate1the1food-
specific1attack1rate,1we1need1to1define1how1many1people1are1exposed1to1the1specific1food1and1
how1many1people1develop1the1symptoms1in1the1case1definition.1In1this1question,1we1are1askin
g1about1“overall”1attack1rate1in1those1people1who1ate1meatball1spaghetti,1so1we1have1to1add1“
meatball1spaghetti1only”1and1“both1pepperoni1pizza1and1meatball1spaghetti”1to1get1the1overall
1rate.1Which1is15251(3751plus1150),1who1are1at1risk1of1exposure,1and11191(621plus157),1who1de
veloped1the1symptoms,1corresponding1to123%1of1attack1rate.
5. There1was1a1food1poisoning1outbreak1on1April11,12018,1at1the1City1Z1Food1Safety1Confere
nce.1There1were11,0001people1registered1for1the1conference1with1luncheon,11001volunteers1t
o1host1attendees,1and1501people1who1served1the1luncheon1during1the1conference.1Except1for1
501people1who1served1the1food,1all1of1the1participants1and1volunteers1ate1the1food1from1the1lu
ncheon1at1the1conference1on1April11,12018.1After1an1initial1outbreak1of1food1poisoning1is1rep
orted,1an1epidemiologist1sends1surveys1to1all1people1at1risk1to1investigate1the1cause.1However
,1only19001people1among1those1at1risk1answer1the1survey.1After1analysis1of19001survey1result
s,1the1epidemiologist1concludes1that1the1most1suspected1foods1in1the1outbreak1are1pepperoni1
pizza1and1meatball1spaghetti.1What1is1the1most1suspected1food1for1food1poisoning1after1cros
s-
tabulation?1Use1the1following1table1to1answer1the1question.1Summary1of1Survey1Responses
Number1of1people1who Number1of1people1who1ate1the
Copyright1©120201by1Elsevier,1Inc.1All1rights1reserved
.
