Deze aantekeningen zijn waardevol voor studenten die zich willen voorbereiden op hoor- en werkcolleges, of op het tentamen van Mariene Wetenschappen II gegeven aan de UU. Elk college is duidelijk gestructureerd en bovenaan elke pagina staat vermeld over welk hoorcollege het gaat. De aantekeningen z...
marine sciences II
LESSON 1: INTRO + LESSON 2: COURSE SET UP & GRADING
SEMESTER 1 | ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024 | PROF. DR. FRANCESCA SANGIORGI
INTRO PRACTICAL INFORMATION
● f.sangiorgi@uu.nl ● check BlackBoard everyday for the schedule
● marine sciences II: evolution and ecology of coastal seas ● first contact point is your SA
● coastal areas are very important and most threatened ● contact Francesca is possible on Tuesday afternoon 14-15:30
○ 10 cm in the last 30 years, 20-25 cm in the last 140 years
YOUR SKILLS
COASTAL SEAS / OCEAN
● next to the theory, you will learn
● coastal seas/ocean: dynamic region of the earth, mostly ○ or improve taxonomical skills – practicals
ephemeral (momentary) or sensitive to change ○ learn to critically read literature – article/essay
○ important role; coastal ocean is a shallow area (< 200 m ○ or improve writing skills article/essay
depth) = continental shelf ○ to work in the field (excursion)
○ 7% of the surface of the ocean where land, sea and
atmosphere interact, where physical, biological and
biogeochemical processes are affected by land GRADES
● ice formed during last ice age (until 25.000 y/a) → sea level fell
(120 m lower) → shallow continental shelves were exposed
● practicals no grade, presence is compulsory
● coastal zone: where sea, land and atmosphere meet
● assignments -0.2 points if you missed the deadline
○ bigger than coastal ocean
● article/essay 40%
● evolution and ecology of coastal seas
● exam 60%
○ evolution; subaerial or marine erosion
○ ecology: interaction organisms and their environment
● human footprint in coastal areas is huge (ecosystem services)
DEADLINES
○ 500 million people live on deltas, but many are sinking
due to mining, sea level rise, damming and at risk of
flooding ● article/essay 05/09 send theme + group
● disturbances due to human impact ● practical 10/09
○ dredging of rivers → alteration of coastal processes and ● deadline submit plan 12/09
hydrodynamics ● microscope practical 19/09
○ eutrophication / algal blooms / deoxygenation ● 1st version 9h 15/10
○ introduction of invasive species / loss biodiversity ● practical 15/10
○ fish farming → destruction of coastal mangrove forests ● send feedback 22/10
and wetlands ● practical 24/10
○ reduction in sediments delivery (dam construction) → ● definitive version 17h 31/10
change in biogeochemical cycles ● exam 13:30-16:30 07/11
● protection against erosion = sand engine = zandmotor
○ excursion on 24/09/2024
● pathways to sustainability | Sustainable Ocean Community
○ https://www.uu.nl/en/research/sustainability/sustainable
-ocean
HERHALING MARINE SCIENCES I ● continental drift and seafloor spreading produced the theory of
plate tectonics
● 1 oceaan ○ earth's outer layer is divided into lithospheric plates
○ diepte 3700 m ○ earth's plates float on the asthenosphere
○ opp. 360.700.000 km2 ○ plate movement is powered by convection currents in the
○ volume 1,33⋅109 km3 asthenosphere, seafloor spreading and the downward pull
● 1 spoon seawater (5 ml) > 60⋅106 (million) organisms of a descending plate’s leading edge
● 7 major tectonic plates ● North-Atlantic Ridge is segmented
● continental drift; Alfred Wegener (1912) keek naar het patroon ○ earth is spherical → transform faults (breuken waarlangs
van dezelfde soort organismen op verschillende continenten lithosferische platen horizontaal langs elkaar schuiven;
○ seismographs revealed pattern of volcanoes/earthquakes actieve breukzones) en fracture zones (breukzones)
○ echo sounders revealed shape of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
○ radiometric dating of rocks revealed a young oceanic
crust
⥽ vorming nieuwe oceanische korst vanuit de ridge
● earth's interior is layered, and elements are sorted by density
○ asthenosphere is more fluid than the lithosphere
● tectonics (usually long-term process) determine where the
coast is and the volume and depth of the ocean
● heat drives mantle convection current
● idea and evidence of a continental drift
○ new seafloor develops at ridges → spreads outward
● earth structure and properties, oceanic/continental crust
(divergente plaatgrens) → continents carried along
● divergent plate boundary and features it creates
(seafloor spreading)
● convergent plate boundary and features it creates
○ most tectonic activity at plate boundaries
● transform plate boundary and features it creates
COAST LOCATION: SEA LEVEL
● coast location varies when sea level (SL) changes
○ eustatic change: variations in global SL
⥽ amount of water in the world ocean can vary
⥽ volume of the oceans ‘container’ may vary
⥽ water itself may occupy more or less volume as its
temperature varies (higher T → higher V)
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