NUR 442 - Ch 5 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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NUR 442
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NUR 442
Define epidemiology study of distribution and determinants of health and disease in human populations
What is the principal science of public health? Epidemiology
Discuss the factors of the person-place-time model -Person (who; demographics, disease status) -Place (where; geo locations, climate, ...
NUR 442 - Ch 5 Review Questions and
Correct Answers
Define epidemiology ✅study of distribution and determinants of health and disease in
human populations
What is the principal science of public health? ✅Epidemiology
Discuss the factors of the person-place-time model ✅-Person (who; demographics,
disease status)
-Place (where; geo locations, climate, politics)
-Time (when)
What is descriptive epidemiology? ✅-Study of the amount and distribution of disease
-Used by public health professionals
-Identified patterns frequently indicate possible causes of disease
Which type of epidemiology is used by public health professionals? ✅Descriptive
What is analytic epidemiology? ✅-Examines complex rship among the many
determinants of disease
-Investigates cause of disease
What are the three factors of the epidemiological triangle? ✅-Host
-Agent
-Environment
Discuss the agents of disease within the epidemiological triangle (4) ✅-Nutrition
(excess/deficiency)
-Chemical (poisons/allergens)
-Physical (ionizing, mechanical)
-Infectious (metazoa, protozoa, bacteria, fungi, rickettsia, viruses)
Discuss the host factors within the epidemiological triangle (8) ✅-Genetics
-Age
-Sex
-Ethnic group
-Physiological state
-Prior immunological experience
-Intercurrent or preexisting disease
-Human behavior
What are the intrinsic factors within the epidemiological triangle? ✅Host factors
, What are the extrinsic factors within the epidemiological triangle? ✅Environmental
factors
Discuss environmental factors within the epidemiological triangle (3) ✅Influence
existence of the agent, exposure, or susceptibility to the agent
-Physical
-Biological (human populations, flora, fauna)
-Socioeconomic (occupation, urbanization)
Discuss the elements of the wheel model of human-environment interaction ✅-Genetic
core in the center
-Human host in the middle
-Surrounded by social, biological, and physical environment in the outer layer
What type of causation does the wheel model subscribe to? ✅multiple-causation
What has the focus of public health shifted to after the decline in widespread epidemics
because of public health interventions and the discovery of causative agents?
✅Chronic diseases
What is the web of causation? ✅Huge model that illustrates the complexity of
relationships among casual variables for heart disease
Discuss ecosocial epidemiology approach ✅-Emphasize role of evolving macro-level
socioenvironmental factors along with microbiological process in understanding health
and illness
-Challenges the more individually focused Risk factor approach
Define a rate ✅arithmetic expressions that help practitioners consider a count of an
event relative to the size of the population from which it is extracted
Rate calculation ✅Rate = (x / y) x k
x is # of health events in a specified period
y is population in same area in same period
k is a constant
What is an incidence rate? ✅Morbidity rate showing new cases of a disease or
conditions in a community relative to the population at risk during the same time period
What is an attack rate? ✅Morbidity rate showing the number of new cases in those
exposed to a disease
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