● Two house legislatures called bicameral legislature. Population of each state determines
number of representatives
● Eligible electorate elects members of House of Representatives to two year terms. Framers
ensured that the electorate would be more responsive to the people.
● After the U.S. Census appointment adjusts the number of seats allocated to each state.
● Senators elected to six- year terms. Originally, state legislatures would choose, because the
Framers intended senators to represent their state’s interests.
● ⅓ of all senators are up for reelection every 2 years.
● Congress has the authorities to make laws and raise and spend revenues. No bill can become
law without the consent of both houses. Declare war, raise an army and navy, coin money,
regulate commerce, and establish federal courts and their jurisdiction, set forth rules of
immigration, necessary and proper clauses. Allows congress to increase the scope of its
authority.
● Members of Congress have more formal years of education, are wealthier, more often male,
and more likely to be white. Nearly ¾ of the House and Senate members hold advanced
degrees.
● More than half of the members of Congress are millionaires.
● House members average nearly 58 years old. Senators 63.
● Members of Congress are more likely to profess a religious affiliation.
● Representation theories:
● 1) Representative should be a trustee who listens to the opinion of constituents and then can
be trusted to use their own best judgment to make final decisions
● 2) Representatives should be a delegate who votes in the way their constituents would want
them to.
● 3) Representatives: Politico alternatively dons the hat of a trustee or delegate depending on the
issue.
● Election laws in various states often discriminate against independents,
● Incumbency helps members stay in office once elected.
● Difficult for outsiders to win because of name recognition, access to free media, an inside track
on fundraising, and a district drawn to favor the incumbent.
● Baker v Carr: A Supreme Court case in which the court ruled that redistricting presents what
the Constitution called a justiciable question. Prior cases that held redistricting cases were
political questions over which the Court has no jurisdiction
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur karnj15. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €14,06. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.