Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
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1. Psychology developed from which two disciplines?
a. philosophy and neuroscience
b. philosophy and natural sciences
c. biology and neuroscience
d. philosophy and behavioris...
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Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
1. Psychology developed from which two disciplines?
a. philosophy and neuroscience
b. philosophy and natural sciences
c. biology and neuroscience
d. philosophy and behaviorism
ANSWER: b
2. What is another way to say that you are observing your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?
a. psychological report
b. introspection
c. mental inventory
d. objective psychology
ANSWER: b
3. Which of the following techniques would an 18th century philosopher use to study memory?
a. by measuring reaction times of subjects who were asked to recall past events
b. by reporting on his own subjective experiences while remembering events
c. by using mathematical models
d. by collecting reports of dreams from many individuals
ANSWER: b
4. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and
a. introspection.
b. beliefs.
c. emotion.
d. brain functions.
ANSWER: d
5. Which factor of the mind was a shared belief that was emphasized amongst ancient Greek philosophers and British
empiricists?
a. cultural memory
b. dreams
c. experience
d. genetics
ANSWER: c
6. An empiricist philosopher who believed the mind was a "blank slate" would most likely believe what about mental
illnesses?
a. that they were the result of negative experiences during childhood
b. that they were due to genetics
c. that they could be cured by psychotherapy
d. that they were the result of both genetics and experience
ANSWER: a
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Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
7. Helmholtz studied how quickly people can feel touches on different parts of their body; Fechner studied the limits of
human hearing. What is the critical distinction between these studies?
a. Fechner's study focused on mental, not just physical, processes.
b. Fechner's study was introspective, Helmholtz's was not.
c. Helmholtz's study was introspective, Fechner's was not.
d. Helmholtz's study was more objective than Fechner's.
ANSWER: a
8. After conducting an experiment on reaction time, Helmholtz argued that it took longer for participants to feel sensation
on their toes because the toes are further from the brain than the thighs are. This conclusion supports which principle of
psychology?
a. that the brain is the seat of the mind
b. that nerve conduction speed is linear
c. that the nervous system is not limited to the brain
d. that introspection is a subjective method for psychological study
ANSWER: a
9. Which of the following BEST describes the critical difference between introspection and measurements of reaction
time in psychological study?
a. Introspection is a less objective measure than reaction times.
b. Introspection is commonly used by empiricists, and reaction times are more commonly used by physiologists.
c. Introspection is a newer technique than measures of reaction time.
d. Measures of reaction time are more prone to bias than is introspection.
ANSWER: a
10. Herman von Helmhotz’s studies of reaction time are important to the field of psychology. Which of the following
BEST describes why they are important?
a. They demonstrated that mental processes can be studied scientifically.
b. They demonstrated the benefits of introspection to psychological study.
c. They proved the necessity of reaction times in cognition.
d. They demonstrated the link between brain and mind.
ANSWER: a
11. Wundt and Titchener viewed the mind as a hierarchy, with overall perception arising out of the combination of many
other sensations. This view is known as
a. philosophical psychology.
b. physiological psychology.
c. Gestalt psychology.
d. structuralism.
ANSWER: d
12. Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes the idea that one whole experience is different from the
breakdown of that experience?
a. philosophical psychology
b. Gestalt psychology
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Chapter 01 - The Science of Mind (The Discipline of Psychology)
c. structuralism
d. functionalism
ANSWER: b
13. You conduct a study on taste perception. Which of the following results would present a challenge to a structuralism
approach to psychology?
a. A food tastes the same no matter what context it is eaten in.
b. A food tastes sweeter after eating salty food, and saltier after eating sweet food.
c. Taste perception is shown to have an evolutionary role.
d. Taste perception is shown to result from the combination of many individual taste sensations.
ANSWER: b
14. How would a psychologist using the structuralism approach MOST likely study memory?
a. by identifying the survival benefits of memory
b. by testing whether memory for some stimulus was the same in different situations
c. by trying to identify the smaller mental processes that make up "remembering" a stimulus
d. by testing individuals with memory problems
ANSWER: c
15. If a psychologist believes that the "whole" of perception matters more than the parts, they are a
a. structuralist.
b. physiological psychologist.
c. Gestalt psychologist.
d. cognitive psychologist.
ANSWER: c
16. The approach to psychology that focuses on the purpose of behavior is known as
a. functionalism.
b. structuralism.
c. cognitive psychology.
d. Gestalt psychology.
ANSWER: a
17. You read about an early 20th-century psychologist who studied why visual illusions occur, and what purpose they
serve in survival. This psychologist was most likely a
a. structuralist.
b. functionalist.
c. humanistic psychologist.
d. Gestalt psychologist.
ANSWER: b
18. Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between structuralism and functionalism approaches to
psychology?
a. Structuralism focuses on the "how" of behavior, and functionalism focuses more on the "why" of behavior.
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