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Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacogenetics Questions &Exam (elaborations) answers 100% satisfaction guarantee
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Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacogenetic Questions &Exam (elaborations) answers 100% satisfaction guarantees

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  • 11 août 2024
  • 12
  • 2024/2025
  • Examen
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STUVIA 2024/2025
Chapter 3: Pharmacokinetics,
Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacogenetics
A patient asks the nurse about using OTC medications. The nurse will tell the patient that OTC
medications:
a. are not as effective as prescription medications.
b. are not as safe as prescription medications.
c. have fewer side effects and drug interactions than prescription medications.
d. should be included when listing any medications taken by the patient. - ✔✔ANS: D

OTC medications should always be included when listing medications because they can cause drug
interactions. OTC medications can be as effective and as safe as prescription medications and have
as many side effects and adverse reactions.

A patient calls the clinic and tells the nurse that a newly prescribed medication isn't working. What is
the nurse's next action?
a. Notify the provider and discuss increasing the dose.
b. Question the patient about compliance with the regimen.
c. Review the drug information with the patient.
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d. Suggest the patient discuss changing medications with the provider. - ✔✔ANS: C

It is important for patients to understand the therapeutic effects and expected time frame for effects to
occur. The nurse should review this with the patient first to make sure the patient's expectations are
consistent with the drug's effects. The dose should not be increased or the drug changed until it is
determined that the drug is not working as it should. Questioning the patient about compliance first
assumes that the patient is doing something wrong. The nurse may question the patient about
compliance after reviewing the drug information.

A patient has been taking a drug for several years and tells the nurse it is no longer working. The
nurse learns that the patient has recently begun taking an over-the-counter (OTC) antacid
medication. What does the nurse suspect is occurring?
a. An adverse drug reaction
b. A drug interaction
c. Drug incompatibility
d. Drug tolerance - ✔✔ANS: B

Drug interactions are an altered or modified action or effect of a drug as a result of interaction with
one or more other drugs. An adverse drug reaction can occur with one or more drugs. It is possible in
this scenario that the antacid is preventing adequate absorption of the other medication. Drug


stuvia

, STUVIA 2024/2025
incompatibility is a chemical reaction of two or more drugs that occurs in vitro. Drug tolerance is the
development of reduced response to a medication over time.

A patient has been taking a drug that is 75% protein-Bound. The provider adds a new medication that
is 90% protein-bound. The nurse will expect a potential:
a. decreased drug effects of the first drug.
b. decreased therapeutic range of the first drug.
c. increased drug effects of the first drug.
d. increased therapeutic range of the first drug. - ✔✔ANS: C

Adding another highly protein-bound drug will displace the first drug from protein-binding sites and
release more free drug, increasing the drug's effects. This does not alter the therapeutic range, which
is the serum level between drug effectiveness and toxicity.

A patient has been taking warfarin (Coumadin), which is highly protein-bound. The patient will begin
taking gemfibrozil, which is also highly protein-bound. The nurse will observe the patient closely for:
a. decreased effects of warfarin.
b. increased effects of warfarin.
c. decreased effects of gemfibrozil.
d. decreased effects of both drugs. - ✔✔ANS: B
%


The addition of a highly protein-bound drug will compete with warfarin for protein-binding sites,
releasing more free warfarin into the system, increasing drug effects, and increasing the chance of
toxicity.

A patient is taking phenytoin to prevent seizures. The nurse knows that phenytoin is highly
protein-bound and has sedating effects. The nurse reviews the patient's chart and notes a low serum
albumin. The nurse will notify the provider and observe the patient for which effects?
a. Decreased sedative effects
b. Increased sedative effects
c. Increased seizures
d. No change in effects - ✔✔ANS: B

Phenytoin is highly protein-bound. When patients have a low serum albumin, there are fewer
protein-binding sites, resulting in more free drug in the system. The nurse should expect the potential
for an increase in the sedative side effects of phenytoin.

A patient who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks why insulin must be given by
subcutaneous injection instead of by mouth. The nurse will explain that this is because
a. absorption is diminished by the first-pass effects in the liver.


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