Genetics 3333 Exam One Questions and Answers
Cytokinesis - Answer-The division of a single cell into two cells; Two nuclei produced in mitosis are segregated into separate daughter cells.
Cleavage furrow - Answer-A constriction that causes the division of two animal cells during cytokinesis.
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Genetics 3333 Exam One Questions
and Answers
Cytokinesis - Answer-The division of a single cell into two cells; Two nuclei produced in
mitosis are segregated into separate daughter cells.
Cleavage furrow - Answer-A constriction that causes the division of two animal cells
during cytokinesis.
Meiosis - Answer-A form of nuclear division in which the sorting process results in the
production of haploid cells from a diploid cell.
Leptotene - Answer-First stage of prophase of meiosis 1; Replicated chromosomes
condense
Zygotene - Answer-Second stage of prophase of meiosis 1; Involves a recognition
process called synapsis, in which the homologous chromosomes recognize each other
and begin to align themselves along their entire lengths.
Pachytene - Answer-Third stage of prophase of meiosis 1; Homologs have completely
aligned; associated chromatids are known as bivalents (tetrad); Crossing over occurs
Diplotene - Answer-Fourth stage of prophase of meiosis 1; Synaptonemal complex has
largely disappeared; chromatids within a bivalent pull apart slightly
Diakinesis - Answer-Last stage of prophase of meiosis 1; Synaptonemal complex
disappears; nuclear membrane breaks apart.
Chiasma - Answer-Site where crossing over occurs between two chromosomes.
Gametogenesis - Answer-Production of gametes
Isogamous - Answer-Describes a species that produces morphologically similar
gametes
Oogenesis - Answer-Production of egg cells
Gametophyte - Answer-Haploid generation of plants
Sporophyte - Answer-Diploid generation of plants
Endosperm - Answer-In flowering plants, the material in the seed, which is 3n, and
nourishes the developing embryo
, Chromosome Theory of Inheritance - Answer-The inheritance pattern of traits can be
explained by the transmission patterns of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization
Sex Chromosomes - Answer-A pair of chromosomes that differ between males and
females and determines sex in a species
Heterogametic Sex - Answer-The sex with two types of gametes (XY)
Homogametic Sex - Answer-Sex with one type of gamete (XX)
Autosomes - Answer-Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
X-linked Genes/Alleles - Answer-Genes that are physically located within the x-
chromosome
Test Cross - Answer-An experimental cross between a recessive individual and an
individual whose genotype the experimenter wishes to determine
Simple Mendelian Inheritance - Answer-An inheritance pattern involving a simple,
dominant/recessive relationship that produces observed ratios in the offspring that
readily obey Mendel's laws.
Wild-type alleles - Answer-An allele that is fairly prevalent in a natural population; For
polymorphic genes, there is more than one wild-type allele.
Genetic polymorphism - Answer-When two or more alleles occur in population; Each
allele is found at a frequency of one percent or higher.
Mutant alleles - Answer-An allele that has been created by altering a wild-type allele by
mutation.
Gain-of-function mutations - Answer-A mutation that changes a gene product so it gains
a new or abnormal function.
Dominant-negative mutations - Answer-A mutation that produces an altered gene
product that acts antagonistically to the normal gene product; shows a dominant pattern
of inheritance.
Haploinsuffiency - Answer-The phenomenon in which a person has only a single
functional copy of a gene, and that singular functional copy does not produce a normal
phenotype; shows a dominant pattern of inheritance.
Incomplete penetrance - Answer-A situation in which an allele that is expected to cause
a particular phenotype does not.
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