BMS 650 - chapter 1 - w1l1,2 || Questions and 100% Accurate Answers.
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BMS 650 -
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BMS 650 -
why do science correct answers 1. testing the unknown
ie need to know X so tht I can do Y
2. confirmation - is the result real
ie other guy proved x. I need to verify this
3. need to learn a method
a. 7 types of scientific questions
b. what questions consist of cause and effect questi...
BMS 650 - chapter 1 - w1l1,2 || Questions and 100%
Accurate Answers.
why do science correct answers 1. testing the unknown
ie \\ need to know X so tht I can do Y
2. confirmation - is the result real
ie\\ other guy proved x. I need to verify this
3. need to learn a method
a. 7 types of scientific questions
b. what questions consist of cause and effect questions
c. what questions consist of descriptive research questions
d. imporatance of the 2 correct answers a.
1. does x exist --> presence
2. what are the physical properties of x --> structure
3. what is x made of} what are its constituent properties} --> composition
4. what does x do --> function
5. what makes x do y}is it because of something else, z --> network\interaction
6. how does x do y --> mechanism
7. what disrupts\changes the functions of x}
Does W --> Z}
Does W make X --> Y', not Y}
--> modulation\alteration
b. 5 - 7
c. 1 - 4
d. both are important, ascribing the wrong mechanism is worse than no mechanism
what makes something science correct answers observe
analyze
report
--> process of determining some property Y about some thing X, to a degreee of acuracy that
another persno can confirm this property Y
,Deductive inference
1. type
2. what is it
2a. regarding conclusoin
3. role of hypothesis
4. why do this
5. main method use
6. why not foolproof correct answers - 1. top-down logic
-2. deducing a specific conclusion from premise
2a. certain, even if the premise is wrong\weak
3. hypothesis link the premises to the conclusions
e.g\\
- Bacteria A are without membrane-bound nuclei
- Membrane-bound nuclei are not in these cells
- therefore, these cells are bacteria
4. used to question data in an experiment
strip away incorrect facts until left with "truth"
5. identify differences
6. premise is wrong <==> (maybe valid) deduction is wrong
valid = true logical
deducing = drawing, reasoning
conclusion = inferences, statements, deduction, argument
premise = general observation, principle, something known, assumed theory (previous statement
that is used to infer a conclusion) conditions, instances
infer = propose
wrong = untrue, weak
inductive inference
1. type
2. what is it, equal to what
2a. regarding conclusion
2b. relies on what
3. assumes
4a. why is it not foolproof
4b. critiques
6. why do this
, 5. egs. correct answers -1 bottom-up logic
-2 using premise to infer an outcome that will occur (future) if repeated = generalization -->
predict results for something that is not identical to the original situation
2a. probable = always involves uncertainty
2b. an inductive argument relies on a hypothesis that must be falsifiable*
3. this assumes that what is true in one case will be true in other cases that resemble it
4a.
- may not be an actual relationship b\w the observation (maybe true) and the conclusion (general)
- not possible to know everything e.g\\ cant see all cases
4b.
- can the past predict the future}
- are a thing and attributes linked} stable} uniformity} [circular arguments]
6. used to build a model and hypotheses and predictions
5. e.g\\ clinical trial of a drug (3 out of 10 ppl respond = 30% efficacy})
e.g\\ proportion of a population = whole
e.g\\ notice differences in fish populations in different amount of cadium lakes --> cd in the lake
has changed the fish present in the lake
premise = past experiences\specific observations\specific instances (tests, trials, observations),
facts
infer = predict\drawing\predict probability that
outcome = general principles\general law\general principle
1. how to tell deduction apart from induction
2. what is true for both correct answers 1. a deduction's conclusion is certain, even if the premise
is wrong\weak
inductive conclusions are probable (always involves uncertainty)
--> an inductive argument relies on a hypothesis that must be falsifiable*
2. neither is a guess or intuition or is foolproof
1. what is reasoning by analogy}
2. example correct answers 1. observations of past experiences are generalized to predict results
for something that is not identical to the original situation
2. clinical trial of a drug
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