GE 2000 Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% Verified
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GE 2000
GE 2000 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
100% Verified
An earthquake happens when.... - CORRECT ANSWER-a) brittle earth material fails
and forms a new fault
b) slip occurs on existing fault
Where do earthquakes occur? - CORRECT ANSWER-usually along plate boundaries
(Ring of Fire)
...
GE 2000 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
100% Verified
An earthquake happens when.... - CORRECT ANSWER-a) brittle earth material fails
and forms a new fault
b) slip occurs on existing fault
Where do earthquakes occur? - CORRECT ANSWER-usually along plate boundaries
(Ring of Fire)
Characteristics of P waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-a) Primary wave
b) fastest velocity, first to arrive (~6.1 km/s)
c) compressional wave
d) deformation of rock is in direction of wave
Characteristics of S Waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-a) Secondary Waves (shear
waves)
b) slower than P waves (~4.1 km/s)
c) deformation is perpendicular to wave
d) shear can be vertical or horizontal
e) cannot travel through liquids
What are the two types of surface waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-Love and Rayleigh
Characteristics of Love waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-a) motion is side-to-side
b) slowest velocity, but travel furthest
c) highest amplitudes a few cm
d) lower frequency than body waves
Characteristics of Rayleigh waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-a) rolling motion
counterclockwise to direction of wave
b) slowest velocity, but travel furthest
c) highest amplitudes a few cm
d) lower frequency than body waves
Components of modern seismograph? - CORRECT ANSWER-a) spring
b) magnet
c) electric coil
What three scales are used to measure the size/intensity of an earthquake? -
CORRECT ANSWER-a) Mercalli Intensity Scale (descriptive)
b) Richter Magnitude (numerical; no longer used)
c) Moment Magnitude (numerical)
, How does the Mercalli scale measure earthquake intensity? How many numbers are
there? - CORRECT ANSWER-a) by describing the amount of destruction
b) 12
How does the Richter scale work? - CORRECT ANSWER-a) amplitude of largest S or P
wave
b) correction for distance
c) represents intensity of ground shaking
d) based on logarithmic scale
Why isn't the Richter scale used anymore? - CORRECT ANSWER-a) instrument
specific
b) based on California geology
c) doesn't account for duration
d) underestimated size of large earthquakes
How does the Moment Magnitude scale work? - CORRECT ANSWER-a) representative
of energy release
b) seismic moment = rock strength x surface area of rupture x amount of rock
displacement
c) each increase in magnitude is 30x increase in energy release
How to locate earthquake epicenter? - CORRECT ANSWER-a) P-S wave lag time at
stations (difference in arrival time between first P and first S wave)
b) need at least three in order to triangulate
4 major hazards of earthquakes? - CORRECT ANSWER-1) ground motion
2) ground failure
3) tsunamis
4) fire/infrastructure
Seismic energy propagates as ________ waves and therefore depends on the
________ properties of the rock. - CORRECT ANSWER-elastic x2
two elastic properties of rock - CORRECT ANSWER-a) bulk modulus (modulus of
incompressibility; how compressible a rock is)
b) shear modulus (modulus of rigidity; resistance of the rock to shearing forces)
What effects the velocity of P and S waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-P waves - more
incompressibility, faster velocity
S waves - more rigidity, faster velocity
(in general , rocks become more rigid and incompressible with depth, so seismic
velocity increases with depth)
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