Genetics Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 2024
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Genetics
Genetics Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 2024
In a few sentences, summarize Darwin's theory of natural selection. - Correct Answer Natural selection posited that more offspring were produced than an environment could actually support. Survival in a crowded environment would lead to ...
name 2 types of animal models that are used for ge
how does preformation differ from epigenesis
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Genetics Final Exam Study Guide with Complete
Solutions 2024
In a few sentences, summarize Darwin's theory of natural selection. - Correct Answer Natural selection posited that more offspring were produced than an environment could actually support. Survival in a crowded environment would lead to struggle within a population, so the offspring that inherited the most desirable traits for a certain environment would ultimately survive. Over time, variations would evolve in offspring that would make them more adaptive, and ultimately over time, new species could evolve.
Name 2 types of animal models that are used for genetics research. Describe one trait that each model possesses that makes it a useful genetic tool. - Correct Answer Mouse- similar genome to human, easy to breed
Fruit fly- extremely cheap, short life, easy to breed, small genome
Worms- inexpensive, simple nervous system, easy to use, short life span
Zebrafish- transparent larvae and embryo
How does preformation differ from epigenesis? - Correct Answer Preformation postulated that a fertilized egg contained a miniaturized version of a tiny human, called a homunculus. Epigenesis directly contradicted that theory by stating that a fertilized egg undergoes a series of developmental events that eventually form a human.
What type of plants did Gregor Mendel use in his famous experiments? - Correct Answer pea plants
The chromosomal theory of inheritance states that: - Correct Answer Genes, contributed from each parent, are carried on chromosomes.
True or False: Nucleotides are the basic building blocks that make up DNA.
Correct! - Correct Answer true
Explain how the use of biotechnology has contributed to modern agriculture. - Correct Answer Transgenic plants have been engineered to resist insects and harsh environments, grow bigger and more prolifically, or to enhance nutrition.
True or False: The theory of spontaneous generation posits that living things can spontaneously generate from nonliving things. Correct! - Correct Answer true
Natural selection posits that organisms that have the most advantageous characteristics will survive their environment. Do humans have the same selective pressures for natural selection that their animal counterparts do? Are humans still evolving? - Correct Answer Modern humans have overcome the survival barriers that most animals face. They (typically) do not face harsh environments or predators because of their ability to shelter; they do not need to hunt or gather for food because there are markets; they have equipment and clothing to help them to be strong, to climb, etc. So, humans do not face the same selective pressures that other animals do for survival. That being said, they do continue to evolve. Genetic mutations occur within populations that may be slightly advantageous to a certain lifestyle (eg evolving the ability to digest milk even into adulthood),
and these mutations may be selected for within a population. So, evolution occurs even though it is no longer a true "natural selection" for survival.
Cell theory was introduced by: - Correct Answer Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
Charles Darwin's publication on evolution is called: - Correct Answer the origin of species
Propose examples of certain traits that could benefit a mammal that lives in a mountainous environment. - Correct Answer The ability to climb easily, have good balance, blend in with the colors
of mountains (snow or rocks), to deal with low oxygen levels, and to find food on rough terrain are traits that would benefit a mountain animal. Answers may vary.
The _________hypothesized that heredity and development depend on the passing of genetic information via _______that are contained within chromosomes. - Correct Answer Chromosomal theory of inheritance; genes
The number of total chromosomes in a normal human chromosome set is____. Chromosomes exist in matched numbers of____. - Correct Answer 46;2
______ genes are the "normal" genes, such as the red eye color in the fruit fly. A mutation of a gene is referred to as an ______. - Correct Answer wild type;allele
How many nucleotides make up DNA? In which combinations do they pair? - Correct Answer 4; A-T and G-C
Corn and soybeans are 90% transgenic crops. What does this mean? - Correct Answer A transgenic crop has had advantageous traits introduced via recombinant DNA technology. The FDA-approved ATryn used to treat blood clots, was derived from genetically engineered - Correct
Answer goats
A ________is carrier DNA in which a gene can be inserted using specific ________. - Correct Answer vector;restriction enzymes
Which two scientists won the Nobel Prize for their model of the double-stranded DNA helix? - Correct Answer james watson and francis crick
True or False: Proteins are responsible for carrying the genetic information within organisms. - Correct Answer false
Which of the following statements is correct? - Correct Answer Dominance and recessiveness are not
linked to the sex chromosomes.
True or False: A dominant gene will always cause the expression of a dominant phenotype in any genetic cross. - Correct Answer false
People with sickle-cell disease can become very sick under what conditions? - Correct Answer high altitudes
A homozygous long-haired cat is bred to a homozygous short-haired cat. Assuming that the gene for long hair is completely dominant, what are the chances of the F1 offspring being long-haired? - Correct Answer 100%
A dog breeder is looking to cross a long-haired female dog with a short-haired male dog. The gene for hair length has incomplete dominance. By crossing the F1 offspring, what percentage of the F2 generation are predicted to be short-haired? - Correct Answer A 1:2:1 ratio predicts 25% of the offspring to be homozygous short-haired.
Consider 3 genes that assort independently in squirrels. A gene for brown color is dominant (D), a gene for a bushy tail is dominant (B), and a gene for reflux after eating acorns is recessive (a). Use the
product law to predict the likelihood of producing a squirrel (from parents that are heterozygous for each trait individually) that is brown, bushy-tailed, and has reflux from all those acorns. - Correct Answer (3/4) x (3/4) x (1/4) = 9/64 probability of this squirrel being brown, bushy-tailed, and having reflux.
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