TEST BANK
Ethics & Issues In Contemporary Nursing
Margaret A. Burkhardt, and Alvita K. Nathaniel
1st Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces Influencing theDevelopment
of Nursing 1
Chapter 02 Ethical Theory 4
Chapter 03 Ethical Principles 7
Chapter 04 Values Clarification 10
Chapter 05 Values Development 13
Chapter 06 Ethics and Professional Nursing 16
Chapter 07 Ethical Decision Making 19
Chapter 08 Legal Issues 22
Chapter 09 Professional Relationship Issues 27
Chapter 10 Practice Issues Related to Technology 31
Chapter 11 Practice Issues Related to Patient Self-Determination 34
Chapter 12 Scholarship Issues 38
Chapter 13 Global Consciousness in the Twenty-First Century 41
Chapter 14 Health Policy Issues 45
Chapter 15 Economic Issues 48
Chapter 16 Social Issues 52
Chapter 17 Gender Issues 56
Chapter 18 Transcultural and Spiritual Issues 60
Chapter 19 Empowerment for Nurses 63
Chapter 20 Facilitating Patient Enpowerment 66
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Test Bank - Ethics and Issues In Contemporary Nursing, 1st Edition (Burkhardt, 2020)
Chapter 1 Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces Influencing the
Development of Nursing
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Nursing practice is influenced by:
a. history.
b. spiritual beliefs.
c. religious practice.
d. philosophical influences.
e. all of the above.
ANS: E PTS: 1
2. Empathy is a motive for:
a. meeting the needs of others.
b. moral reasoning and action.
c. becoming a nurse.
d. determining right from wrong.
ANS: B PTS: 1
3. Professions exist to meet the:
a. needs of employers.
b. needs of individuals.
c. needs of society.
d. needs of families.
ANS: C PTS: 1
4. Florence Nightingale was a:
a. model for all nurses.
b. nurse.
c. statistician.
d. social reformer.
e. all of the above.
ANS: E PTS: 1
5. Helping professionals find their origin in:
a. inhumane actions.
b. perceived social need.
c. accepted moral needs.
d. individual values.
e. All except a.
f. b and c only.
ANS: E PTS: 1
6. The overarching belief system of a culture that deals with the culture’s beliefs about the nature
of the universe is termed:
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Test Bank - Ethics and Issues In Contemporary Nursing, 1st Edition (Burkhardt, 2020)
a. cosmology.
b. religion.
c. values.
d. astrology.
ANS: A PTS: 1
7. During the Middle Ages:
a. religions and church-sanctioned secular nursing orders afforded the only legitimate
avenue for women who wished to become nurses.
b. there was an upsurge in the respect afforded to nursing and midwifery, and nurses
began to practice autonomously.
c. healing arts in Denmark and Greece were performed in sacred ceremonies by
priests, priestesses, or shamans.
d. most nurses were women of high social status.
ANS: A PTS: 1
8. The “Dark Period of Nursing” when convalescent patients, prostitutes, prisoners, and
drunkards provided hospital nursing care occurred during the:
a. Reformation.
b. Crusades.
c. Middle Ages.
d. Early Christian era.
ANS: A PTS: 1
9. The concept of social need is important to the ethical foundations of the nursing professional
because:
a. nurses must determine the health needs of society.
b. nursing finds its origin, purpose, and meaning within the context of perceived
social need.
c. theories of sociology are utilized by nursing scholars, many of whom view them as
conceptual frameworks for nursing practice.
d. social need determines the boundaries of the ethical principles of distributive
justice, beneficence, and nonmaleficence.
ANS: B PTS: 1
10. The social status of women affects the status of the nursing profession because:
a. nursing has traditionally been a profession of women.
b. throughout history, nurses have been afforded higher social status.
c. women of higher social status rarely become nurses.
d. women are more skilled than men at nurturing others.
ANS: A PTS: 1
11. Philosophers of the Early Christian era included:
a. Plato.
b. St. Paul.
c. Aristotle.
d. St. Augustine.
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Test Bank - Ethics and Issues In Contemporary Nursing, 1st Edition (Burkhardt, 2020)
e. All of the above
f. b and d only
ANS: F PTS: 1
12. Which of the following events that changed nursing occurred during the 20th century?
a. Women became more politically active.
b. The nursing profession gained acceptance as a legitimate force.
c. Nurses began to provide independent health care services.
d. All of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1
13. Who is recognized as the father of Western medicine?
a. Plato
b. Hippocrates
c. Aristotle
d. St. Paul
ANS: B PTS: 1
14. Which period fostered the scientific revolution and a new era in the healing arts?
a. Middle Ages
b. Renaissance
c. Early Christian era
d. Reformation
ANS: D PTS: 1
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Socrates can be described as (select all that apply):
a. being one of the greatest philosophers of ancient times.
b. believing a person should do what is best for him or herself.
c. proposing that one must seek knowledge and develop the inner self in order to
experience a good life.
d. creating the Socratic method.
e. believing that knowledge does lead to the “good life.”
ANS: A, C, D, E PTS: 1
2. The Crusades brought many changes in the health of the population including (select all that
apply):
a. deplorable sanitary conditions.
b. fatigue.
c. containment of communicable diseases.
d. diarrhea.
e. good nutrition.
ANS: A, B, D PTS: 1
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Test Bank - Ethics and Issues In Contemporary Nursing, 1st Edition (Burkhardt, 2020)
Chapter 2 Ethical Theory
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Ethics is:
a. a formal process of making illogical and consistent decisions based upon one’s
beliefs.
b. a formal process of making logical and random decisions based upon moral
beliefs.
c. a formal process of making logical and consistent decisions based upon moral
beliefs.
d. a formal process of making logical and consistent decisions based upon religious
beliefs.
ANS: C PTS: 1
2. The belief that people can figure out absolute moral rules that derive from the universe or a
supreme being is the basis for which moral perspective?
a. Moral belief
b. Rationalism
c. Deontology
d. Naturalism
ANS: B PTS: 1
3. The nurse maintained confidentiality regarding a patient’s terminal illness even though family
members would have provided emotional and financial support to the patient had they known
of the diagnosis. Adhering to this principle regardless of outcome is an example of the
application of which ethical theory?
a. Deontology
b. Naturalism
c. Rationalism
d. Utilitarianism
ANS: A PTS: 1
4. During a hurricane, there is no electricity in a hospital where floodwater is rapidly rising. An
ICU nurse manually ventilates a patient with an ambu bag for 6 hours before she makes the
difficult decision to leave her patient and help the solitary remaining nurse carry 12 newborns
to safety. The nurse’s decision is most clearly supported by which of the following?
a. Deontology
b. Virtue ethics
c. Rationalism
d. Utilitarianism
ANS: D PTS: 1
5. Abortion, even to save the life of the mother, would most likely be considered morally wrong
by a person rigidly applying which type of moral theory?
a. Deontology
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b. Virtue ethics
c. Naturalism
d. Utilitarianism
ANS: A PTS: 1
6. The Kantian maxim requiring that no action be judged as right, which cannot reasonably
become a law by which every person should always abide, is known as:
a. the categorical imperative.
b. the practical imperative.
c. deontology.
d. utilitarianism.
ANS: A PTS: 1
7. The Kantian maxim requiring that one treat others always as ends and never as a means is
known as:
a. the categorical imperative.
b. the practical imperative.
c. deontology.
d. utilitarianism.
ANS: B PTS: 1
8. Aristotle developed the concept of:
a. virtue ethics.
b. utilitarianism.
c. deontology.
d. rationalism.
ANS: A PTS: 1
9. attributes differences in moral codes to social conditions, while proposing that most people
have underlying psychological tendencies that lead to similar moral judgments.
a. Rationalism
b. Naturalism
c. Virtue ethics
d. Deontology
ANS: B PTS: 1
10. What theory is based on the rationalist view that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends
upon the nature of the act, rather than its consequence?
a. Deontology
b. Formalism
c. Kantianism
d. Act utilitarianism
ANS: A PTS: 1
11. The intense and critical examination of beliefs and assumptions is:
a. theory.
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Test Bank - Ethics and Issues In Contemporary Nursing, 1st Edition (Burkhardt, 2020)
b. ethics.
c. philosophy.
d. religion.
ANS: C PTS: 1
12. Who is considered to be the father of modern utilitarianism?
a. Immaneul Kant
b. Jeremy Bentham
c. Plato
d. John Stuart Mill
ANS: B PTS: 1
13. A form of moral theory that embraces the uniqueness of cases, the culturally significant
ethical features, and ethical judgement in each particular case is called:
a. virtue ethics.
b. naturalism.
c. moral particularism.
d. utilitarianism.
ANS: C PTS: 1
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Which of the following statements accurately describes ethics? Select all that apply.
a. Ethics is concerned with the study of social morality and philosophical reflection
about society’s norms and practices.
b. Ethics furnishes us with the practical application of moral philosophy.
c. Ethics offers structured guidelines that tell us what we ought to do.
d. The study of ethics gives us a groundwork for making logical and consistent
decisions.
e. Professional codes of ethics are tools that offer a formal process for applying moral
philosophy.
ANS: A, B, D, E PTS: 1
2. Beauchamp and Childress propose focal virtues that are more pivotal than others in
characterizing a virtuous person. These focal virtues include (select all that apply):
a. compassion.
b. discernment.
c. temperance.
d. trustworthiness.
e. integrity.
f. devotion.
ANS: A, B, D, E PTS: 1
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