This document will give you absolutely everything you need to know for the LJM exam. You have all of the ideas presented, alongside in-depth analysis of all readings.
You will also be presented with all of the IRAC's from the course, and all tutorial/previous exam questions with answers.
Table of Contents
Week 1: The Speluncean Explorers, Radbruch and Hart................................................................................................................ 10
The Speluncean Case.................................................................................................................................................................. 10
The Judges......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Judge Foster (Natural Law)...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Judge Keen (Legal Positivism)..................................................................................................................................................10
Judge Handy (‘Law Is What Judges Do’)................................................................................................................................ 10
The Puttfarken Case (Retroactive Punishment)...................................................................................................................... 11
Retroactive Punishment....................................................................................................................................................................11
IRAC Method................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Issue........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Rule........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Application............................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Conclusion................................................................................................................................................................................11
H.L.A. Hart (Legal Positivism)..................................................................................................................................................11
Definition of Legal Positivism...........................................................................................................................................................11
H.L.A. Hart (Primary/Secondary Rules, The Rule of Recognition).....................................................................................11
Gustav Radbruch (Natural Law)............................................................................................................................................... 12
Definition of Natural Law................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Gustav Radbruch (Statutory Lawlessness and Supra-Statutory Law)................................................................................... 12
The Radbruch Formula...................................................................................................................................................12
Week 2: Utilitarianism and Freedom of Speech............................................................................................................................... 13
The Doctrine of Duty.................................................................................................................................................................13
Duty vs. Consequentialism (How It Relates To Utilitarianism)............................................................................................13
Jeremy Bentham (With Counter-Arguments).......................................................................................................................... 13
Bentham’s Definition of Utilitarianism........................................................................................................................................... 13
The Utility Principle and the Felicific/Hedonistic Calculus.................................................................................................. 13
Mill’s Take on Bentham’s Utility.....................................................................................................................................13
The Harm Principle......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Counter-Arguments to Utilitarianism............................................................................................................................................. 14
Peter Singer................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Effective Altruism.............................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Main Arguments............................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Counter-Arguments................................................................................................................................................................. 14
John Stuart Mill..........................................................................................................................................................................15
Mill’s Definition of Happiness......................................................................................................................................................... 15
The Harm Principle/Evil Through Inaction...........................................................................................................................15
Freedom of Speech and Consciousness................................................................................................................................... 15
The Argument for Freedom of Speech........................................................................................................................... 15
Exception to Freedom of Speech..................................................................................................................................... 16
Jeremy Waldron.......................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Freedom of Speech............................................................................................................................................................................ 16
, 2
Limits on Freedom of Speech...................................................................................................................................................16
Critiques of Mill....................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Alternative Approach...................................................................................................................................................... 16
Zemmour Vs. France................................................................................................................................................................... 16
IRAC Method................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Issue:.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Rule:.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Application............................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Conclusion................................................................................................................................................................................17
Week 3: Deontology and Rawls......................................................................................................................................................... 18
Deontology.................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Immanuel Kant........................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Kant's Critique of Utilitarianism......................................................................................................................................................18
The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals:.................................................................................................................. 18
1. Good Will and Duty.................................................................................................................................................... 18
2. The Categorical Imperative......................................................................................................................................... 18
Criticisms of Kant’s Moral Philosophy....................................................................................................................................18
1. Bitterness...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
2. No Happiness...............................................................................................................................................................18
3. Formal and Empty....................................................................................................................................................... 19
4. Rigidity......................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Gäfgen Vs. Germany................................................................................................................................................................... 19
IRAC Method................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Issue........................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Rule........................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Application............................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Conclusion................................................................................................................................................................................20
John Rawls.................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
Foundations of Rawls’ Theory......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Assumptions:............................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Finding Principles of Justice.....................................................................................................................................................20
Principles of Justice.......................................................................................................................................................... 21
Week 4: Virtue Ethics and Citizenship Education........................................................................................................................... 22
Virtue Ethics (General Overview)..............................................................................................................................................22
Critiques............................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Aristotle.......................................................................................................................................................................................22
Ideology..............................................................................................................................................................................................22
Virtue.........................................................................................................................................................................................22
Well-Being................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Prudence....................................................................................................................................................................................22
On Judges..................................................................................................................................................................................23
Martha Nussbaum's Critiques/Extension........................................................................................................................ 23
Counter-Arguments................................................................................................................................................................. 23
, 3
Contextual Features..................................................................................................................................................................23
Deliberation Involves Careful Consideration.................................................................................................................23
Interpretation Requires Understanding of Particularities............................................................................................. 23
Adaptability......................................................................................................................................................................24
Implications.............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Trans-Parent Case.......................................................................................................................................................................24
Background........................................................................................................................................................................................24
IRAC Method................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Issue........................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Rule........................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Application............................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Conclusion................................................................................................................................................................................25
Citizenship Education................................................................................................................................................................25
Ancient Greece........................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Classic Liberalism.............................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Jean-Jacques Rousseau:............................................................................................................................................................ 25
John Stuart Mill........................................................................................................................................................................ 25
Early U.S. Figures...............................................................................................................................................................................25
Educational Shifts (John Dewey)......................................................................................................................................................26
Cosmopolitan Education:.................................................................................................................................................................26
Gutmann's Arguments on Education (Open Dialogue/Promoting Inclusivity)....................................................................26
1. Family State:.......................................................................................................................................................................... 26
2. State of Families:................................................................................................................................................................... 26
3. State of Individuals:.............................................................................................................................................................. 26
Proposal of a "Democratic State of Education":......................................................................................................................26
Gutmann's Vision for Education:.....................................................................................................................................................26
Critique and Contrast with Galston:.......................................................................................................................................26
Galston’s Arguments on Education (Strict Civic Virtues).......................................................................................................27
Parental Dilemma:............................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Democracy and Critical Thinking:.......................................................................................................................................... 27
Critical Thinking Limitation:...........................................................................................................................................................27
Interest Parents vs. Interest State:..................................................................................................................................................... 27
Galston vs. Gutmann..........................................................................................................................................................27
Snyder vs. Phelps Case................................................................................................................................................................27
Background........................................................................................................................................................................................27
IRAC Method................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Issue........................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Rule........................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Application............................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Conclusion................................................................................................................................................................................28
Week 5: Critiques of Rawls, Libertarianism and Judicial Review..................................................................................................29
Robert Nozick.............................................................................................................................................................................29
The Entitlement Theory.......................................................................................................................................................... 29
, 4
Principles................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
The Principle of Justice in Acquisition...........................................................................................................................29
The Principle of Justice in Transfer.................................................................................................................................29
The Rectification of Injustice in Holdings..................................................................................................................... 29
Pauline Kleingeld’s Critique on Kant....................................................................................................................................... 29
Tensions in Kant’s Philosophy..........................................................................................................................................................30
Positions on Kant’s Philosophy................................................................................................................................................30
1. Inconsistent Egalitarian............................................................................................................................................... 30
2. Consistent Egalitarian..................................................................................................................................................30
3. Third Position.............................................................................................................................................................. 30
C. Wright Mills...........................................................................................................................................................................30
The Rawlsian Social Contract and Its Limitations................................................................................................................. 30
Limitations of Ideal Theory..................................................................................................................................................... 30
1. Ideal Ideal..................................................................................................................................................................... 31
2. Rectificatory Ideal........................................................................................................................................................ 31
Jeremy Waldron.......................................................................................................................................................................... 31
What is Judicial Review?...................................................................................................................................................................31
Waldron (Against Judicial Review).................................................................................................................................................. 31
Process-Related Arguments.............................................................................................................................................................. 31
Arguments/Counter-Arguments............................................................................................................................................ 31
Outcome-Related Arguments.......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Arguments/Counter-Arguments............................................................................................................................................ 32
Non-Core Cases................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organisation..................................................................................................................... 32
IRAC Method................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Issue........................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Rule........................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Application............................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Conclusion................................................................................................................................................................................33
Week 6: Citizenship............................................................................................................................................................................34
Klymlicka and Donaldson (Animal Citizenship)..................................................................................................................... 34
Domesticated Animals and Citizenship........................................................................................................................................... 34
Wild Animals and Sovereignty..........................................................................................................................................................34
Liminal Animals and Denizenship................................................................................................................................................... 34
Layers of Citizenship......................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Intersubjective Relations and Animal Rights..........................................................................................................................35
Communication with Animals................................................................................................................................................ 35
Counterarguments and Limitations.................................................................................................................................................35
De Schutter and Ypi (Mandatory Citizenship for Immigrants)............................................................................................. 35
Political Obligation, Migration, and Citizenship.............................................................................................................................35
Asymmetry in Citizenship................................................................................................................................................................ 36
Mandatory Citizenship and Democratic Equality...........................................................................................................................36
Arguments/Counter-Arguments..................................................................................................................................................... 36
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur avendesoraa. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €8,99. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
