Portage A&P 2- Module 2 Exam Test Questions And Updated Verified Answers 2024.
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Portage Learning Anatomy & Physiology 2
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Portage Learning Anatomy & Physiology 2
Four parts of the human brain - Answer cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
diecephalon
Ventricles - Answer There are four ventricles inside of the brain. Ventricles are cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The ventricles include the two lateral ventricle...
Portage A&P 2- Module 2 Exam Test Questions And Updated Verified Answers 2024.
Four parts of the human brain - Answer cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
diecephalon
Ventricles - Answer There are four ventricles inside of the brain. Ventricles are cavities within the brain
that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The ventricles include the two lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle (Figure 2.2). The fourth ventricle drains into the central canal of the spinal cord, which also contains CSF.
Meninges - Answer three layers of connective tissue membranes that cover and protect central nervous system organs and enclose cerebrospinal fluid. The leathery dura mater is the double-layered outer meninx. The middle arachnoid meninx is a loose layer separated from the dura mater by the subdural space. Beneath the arachnoid meninx is the subarachnoid space, which contains blood vessels and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The inner pia mater meninx is a thin connective tissue tightly attached to the brain.
Cerebrum - Answer Foremost part of the brain, largest part of the brain (83% of brain mass). Contains two large masses: left and right cerebral hemispheres. Separated by the median longitudinal fissures
Left controls right side of body, right controls left
responsible for a consciousness (state of being awake and aware of surroundings_. Governs intelligence, reasoning, higher-level things
Controls activities of "lower parts"- brainstem, diencephalon, limbic system, cerebellum. Can override functioning of these parts (meditation to reduce heart rate). Initiates voluntary motor activities and controls actions of the cerebellum by acting on sensory input via thalamus
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Choroid Plexus - Answer is a special fluid formed in the walls of the ventricles from blood plasma by permeating through the choroid plexus.
The choroid plexus is formed from a network of blood vessels within the ventricles. CSF circulates through the ventricles and into the meninges. It cushions the brain and spinal cord by providing buoyancy, allowing the brain to float. Once formed, the CSF circulates through the ventricles and into the
subarachnoid space, bathing the brain in fluid.
Blood-brain barrier - Answer is a diffusion barrier that prevents most particles from entering the central nervous system tissue, keeping the brain and spinal cord separate from general blood circulation
The blood-brain barrier is formed by the relatively impermeable brain capillaries, due to the glial cells astrocytes. Maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier is important to provide a stable chemical environment for the nervous system. A stable internal environment is important to protect neurons from
chemical variations that could cause uncontrollable firing of neurons.
Gyri, sulci, fissures, transverse fissure - Answer cerebral cortex is marked by raised ridges of tissue (gyri) separated by shallow grooves (sulci)
Deeper grooves (fissures) separate large regions of brain
Transverse sep. the cerebrum from cerebellum
corpus callosum, cerebral cortex - Answer - white nerve fibers that serve as a bridge connecting cerebral hemispheres -outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres, (cerebral cortex) highly convoluted and gray
Lobes of cerebrum - Answer -divided sulci, each hemisphere has four surface lobes
-frontal lobe- controls higher level executive functions (reasoning and decision making)
-parietal lobe- receives sensory information from receptors in mouth for taste, located in the skin such as
touch, pressure, pain
-Occipital lob- interprets visual input
-Temporal lobe- has sensory areas for hearing and smelling
Areas of cerebral cortex - Answer -primary areas in each lobe receive or send info for one type of sensory or motor information. -associations areas act mainly to integrate more than one type of sensory info for purposeful action
- -Primary motor cortex (aka precentral gyrus or somatomotor cortex) - portion of frontal lobe. controls voluntary motor movements for all parts of the body.
-Primary sensory cortex (aska postcentral gyrus or somatosensory cortex)- parietal lobe receives sensory info in the same parts of body
-each lobe contains an association area- which receives info from other lobes and integrates it into higher, more complex levels of consciousness (intellect, creative ability, learning, memory)
-Broca's area- located in the frontal lobe, is responsible for speech production
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