Samenvatting - Health Promotion & Disease Prevention (AM_470811)
11 vues 3 fois vendu
Cours
Health Promotion & Disease Prevention (AM_470811)
Établissement
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Samenvatting van alle lessen van Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, powerpoints & literatuur.
Summary of all lectures of course Health Promotion & Disease Prevention powerpoint & literature.
HEALTH PROMOTION & DISEASE PREVENTION
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION
Goals
• Able to name and apply different types of prevention & intervention levels.
• To name and determine the different tools and instruments for HPDP interventions.
• Able to distinguish lifestyle & risk factors & HPDP definitions.
Types of prevention
• Primary: to prevent (development) of diseases. Example: pictures on cigarettes,
condoms for preventing HIV.
• Secondary: screening of diseases/early detection. Example: breast cancer screening
• Tertiary: prevent/reduce the seriousness/or complications of diseases.
• Palliative care: end of life care, to relieve the pain of the patient, mostly for terminally
ill people.
Universal, selective, and indicated prevention
• Universal: designed to reach the entire population, without regard to individual risk
factors and are intended to reach a very large audience.
• Selective: target subgroups of the general population that are determined to be
at risk for a disease. Subgroups may be distinguished by traits such as age, gender,
family history, or economic status.
• Indicated: aims to identify individuals who exhibit early signs of a disease and
other related problem behaviors associated with a health problem and target them
with special programs.
Levels of interventions
Individual: this is your mother, grandmother, sisters, friends.
Interpersonal: for example, help to resolve disputes and
conflicts between individuals or small groups.
Organization: address problems within their teams and may
provide support.
Community: provide intervention and support for individuals
and families within a community.
Society: advocate for societal change, intervene in issues
affecting larger populations.
,Tools or instruments in interventions
• Education
• Facilities: sports facility.
• Legislature/law, for example: sugar tax and it is not allowed to smoke everywhere.
• Control & sanction penalties.
• Prizing
Many health problems are determined by both environmental and lifestyle factors (health
behavior). For example:
• CVD
• Obesity
• Diabetes mellitus 2
• Hypercholesterolemia
• High blood pressure
• STD’s
• Asthma
• Depression
Lifestyle factors
Primary prevention of overweight in preschool children
• The BEEboft study
o B: breastfeeding
o B: breakfast daily
o O: outside playing
o F: few sugars sweetened drinks.
o T: TV viewing.
Lifestyle factors Risk factors
• Physical exercise • low level of physical exercise.
• Smoking • > 10 cigarettes a day.
• Alcohol • > 7 units a day
• Nutrition • High fat, salt and sugar intake. Low fiber intake.
• Sex behavior • No condom use
,HP&DP
• Health promotion: maintain peoples current health status… and ideally a shift towards
better health.
• Disease prevention: to prevent people getting a disease… and prevent a shift
towards the seriousness of a disease.
HP: Smoking reduction with the aim to maintain an optimal respiratory and CV-system.
DP: Smoking reduction with the aim to reduce the change of getting lung cancer.
Relation HP <--> DP
Many lifestyles factors.
, LECTURE 2 UPSTREAM DETERMINANT OF LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS AND CHRONIC
DISEASE RISK
The problem: our bodies are made to store fats and go for longer periods of time in food
scarcity, but now we live in a world where food is mostly readily available to us.
At different levels
• Micro
• Meso
• Macro
Micro socio-cultural: eating dinner with the tv on.
Meso physical: what restaurants are there in the neighborhoods.
Macro-economic: international trade relations.
• Commercial determinants of health are also becoming increasingly more important.
The evidence in a nutshell
• Socio-economic position (SEP) is an important determinant of obesity. Lower SEP =
higher odds of obesity
• Healthier diets are generally more costly. Pricing strategies (discounts) are effective,
especially when salient (communicated; ‘’the price was … now it is …’’). Most
evidence from controlled settings.
o Effect on weight status and disease outcomes yet to be determined.
• Political environment:
o Mandatory food labeling works
o Car free streets/Sundays
o Advertisement ban on unhealthy foods.
o Healthier canteens at schools
o Physical education policy
o Taxation of sugar sweetened beverages.
Challenges in up-stream research
• Study designs (cannot perform an RCT on a whole city)
• Self-selection: people decide how much they can spend or where they live. May like
to walk so explicitly decide to live in a walkable city.
• Confounding factors: fast food outlets co-locate with greener/more
walkable/healthier aspects of the neighborhoods.
• Non-linear relations.
• Area of exposure.
• Single exposure studies (but we are exposed to many determinants at the same
time).
o Interaction between these factors.
Evolution of behavioral theories
• There are a lot of behavioral psychology frameworks.
• There is a strong relation between the importance of the environment and the
motivation for healthy behaviors.
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur merelvanheese. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €6,40. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
