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Summary Management of Innovative Technologies in Community-Based Healthcare (MITCH) - 2023
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This document contains a summary of MITCH and includes all lectures and mandatory literature for the exam of 2023.
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Management ofInnovative
Technologies
Summary of all lectures and
mandatory literature
©2023 A. Arp All Rights Reserved
,Article_Notions of innovation in healthcare services and products – Page, 2014
Aim: explore the role innovations play in the UK healthcare system.
- In this article they discuss the definition of the term innovation, as well as the importance of
innovations on patients and current barriers that stop innovations from being implemented.
Conclusion: the term innovation is overused and therefore it is unsurprising that many people
become confused. Suggestions are made for more detailed definitions within specific industries.
Term innovation
Innovation is something new that can come in different forms whether it happens to be a product, an
individual, communities or a business. Some articles also mention that an innovation should be cost
effective and a useful product for the consumer.
- Debate about whether innovation means something is new, because if everything is a new
innovation nothing is.
- Can also use an existing technology from another sector
6 forces that drive/kill innovation (Herzlinger):
1. Players
2. Funding
3. Policy
4. Technology
5. Customers
6. Accountability
3 different types of innovations can aid the healthcare system:
1. Customer focused innovations (the way in which the customer purchases and uses a
product)
2. Technology based innovations (new products)
3. Business models (strategies and activities)
Conclude that the term innovation is both overused and too broad.
Empirical research
Questionnaire completed by 50 healthcare professionals in regard to the question: “Do you see new
innovative ideas in the use in the hospital or rehabilitation environments?”.
- Undoubtedly yes. Majority suggest that they see new innovative ideas. Although is unclear
what is meant by the term innovation. After knowing that innovation is seen as anything
from a physical product to a process or service which has a positive effect, only 3 people
acknowledged innovations in hospitals and rehabilitation environments.
- The theory that an innovation can only be called an innovation if it has a positive or
worthwhile outcome was confirmed when all participants said yes to innovations helping
patients rehabilitation.
- Barriers to innovation: lack of funding & people being reluctant to change.
- Results show that healthcare staff thinks innovations plays an important role in the service
and are an integral part of the system if the healthcare industry is to continue to progress
and develop.
Questionnaire completed by 20 senior healthcare professionals in regard to the question: “Have you
ever though of a new idea/innovation?”.
- 14 said no; unusual since literature says most ideas come from front line (surgeons, doctors)
and not necessarily from designers or engineers. Could also be said that front line is
contracted and paid to do their jobs with patients care, additional time for ideas may be few.
- One barrier for innovating is that only 4 respondents knew how the process of bringing a
new idea/innovation to the market goes. Leads to thinking: if the front line is neither
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, encouraged or knows of the correct procedures for implementing innovations, then how
does innovation happen?
- There are 3 categories in which innovations need to fit:
1. Product that patients use and interact with. Ex: walking sticks and crutches.
Relatively easy to design, develop and implement these innovations. Impact is limited
and overall benefit they deliver to patient is not as great as pacemaker for example.
2. In between 1 and 3.
3. Products that are invasive. Ex: needles and pacemakers.
Most complex category because are intrusive to the patient. Because of risks involved
into inserting products in human body there are a lot of regulations and tests the
products have to go through. Impact is massive on patient’s lives, which can ultimately
have potential to save lives.
- Another barrier for innovations it the issue of academics not having enough timetabled time
to engage in enterprise. Another barrier is education, since children in UK have to specialize
in some topics while in China some topics are compulsory which makes sure students keep
their options open.
Discussion
- Majority said innovations should have a positive impact. It has to aid the patient or help the
healthcare professional in the process.
- The cost of implementing an innovation into the healthcare sector would cost more
compared to a similar product in a different sector, because of the stringent tests and
processes (clinical trials). Because it has become this expensive, smaller businesses seek
grants/sponsorships to fund the innovation process.
- Innovations play a major part in providing better care for patients.
- Main barriers to innovation are lack of time (lack of timetabled enterprise time for academics
and healthcare professionals), funding (lack of funding from large companies, though
sponsorships and grants are becoming more popular), education structure (youth in schools
are encouraged to specialize their skills early in school life but then do not have broad
knowledge compare to China → results in narrow minded students in UK that may stifle
innovation) and reluctance to innovate (easier to play safe, mostly relevant for smaller
companies).
Conclusion
Smaller organizations encourages innovation, since larger ones contain many different departments
that are difficult to pass an innovation through. Best way to innovate is to get people together with
different skill sets and devising questions that need to be answered.
Article_e-Health in Vascular Diseases: Integrating Digital Innovation in Everyday Clinical
Practice – Lareyre et al. 2022
Digital health = e-health. Use of information and communication technology to support the
management of healthcare, which encompasses a wide range of services and systems. Main domains
are telemedicine/telehealth, mobile applications/m-health, development of smart devices such as
sensors and wearables and the use of digital technology for healthcare information
system/developing integrated networks.
- All are potentially enhance with AI.
- Digital health may help close the gap in health-access inequalities.
Can also be implicated in vascular diseases. Have the potential to improve patient’s individual health
condition by improving control of vascular diseases and associated risk factors.
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, - Telemedicine may facilitate access to care, reduce time and travel burden for patients and
may contribute to reducing disparities in distant regions or in resource-limited areas.
- AI and big data analysis may help reveal new insights in mechanisms underlying vascular
diseases, build predictive models and develop precision medicine and personalized care.
In summary, e-health has potential to improve outcomes of patients with vascular diseases with
collectively reduced healthcare costs.
Limitations of e-health:
- Concerns on clinical benefits, liability and safety but challenging to test since there is a lack of
clear consensus and standardized methods.
- Also concerns with digital security, data protection and confidentiality. Legal frameworks are
still being developed.
- Digital health uptake: manufacturers should co-design their applications with all
stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, patients and political institutions. End users
want the applications to be adapted to their needs and expectations.
HC1_Introduction to MITCH-Based Health Care
Focus on community health technologies due to changes in healthcare system that demands
healthcare technologies. Ex: rising costs, demographic changes, changing healthcare systems (home
hospitals or remote care), technological opportunities, privatization and competition (survival of the
fittest with industry making highest profits) and COVID (prevention, sociology and modelling).
Demographic shifts and societal changes: getting older thereby driving up the demand for
healthcare + middle class is growing which lead to accelerated urbanization/access to comfort.
Consequences:
- Intensify pressures on health care systems (money and care givers)
- Demand new directions in the delivery of health care
- No one wants to pay too much when healthy but everyone wants best possible care when ill
(mismatch)
- Pricing of treatments is a complex multi-actor process
- No political party dares to reduce health care budget (otherwise won’t be voted for by
public)
Hospital to home: clients stay at home longer and/or leave the hospital earlier.
More focus on informal care: informal and formal caregivers are expected to work together in order
to organize care efficiently.
More focus on self-reliance of the client (cure > cope): “seniorization” means shift from repair to
cope with disease.
Innovation = implementation of new/significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a
new marketing methods, or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace
organization or external relations.
- Novelty + implementation
- Is an outcome, process and/or a mindset.
Help healthcare practitioners focus on the patient and other stakeholder by helping them to work
smarter, faster, better and/or more cost effectively.
- Can be new due to:
o New uses: original products positioned in new markets without any significant
change
o New category entries: products that are new to the company but not new to the
consumer
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