NSG 120 Quiz 4 Questions with Correct Answers
Edema - Answer-an excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial compartment
Dehydration - Answer-insufficient body fluid resulting from inadequate intake or excessive loss of fluids or a combination of the two
Homeostasis - Answer-maintenance of...
NSG 120 Quiz 4 Questions with Correct Answers Edema - Answer -an excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial compartment Dehydration - Answer -insufficient body fluid resulting from inadequate intake or excessive loss of fluids or a combination of the two Homeostasis - Answer -maintenance of a relatively constant and favorable environme nt for the cells Water - Answer -the medium within which metabolic reactions and other processes take place. Transport system How much of the adult body consists of water? - Answer -60% Intracellular compartment (ICF) - Answer -fluid inside the cells Intravascular fluid (IVF) - Answer -Blood transcellular fluid - Answer -fluids present in various secretions, such as those in the pericardial (heart) cavity or the synovial cavities of the jo ints What are the sources of water loss? - Answer -- Urine (1400) - Feces (200) - Lungs (400) - Skin (500) what controls the thirst mechanism? - Answer -hypothalamus Osmoreceptor - Answer -cells of which sense the internal environment, both fluid volume and concentration, and then promote the intake of fluid when needed Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answer -controls the amount of fluid leaving the body in the urine Aldosterone - Answer -determines the reabsorption of both sodium ions and water from the kidne y tubules What are the Natriuretic peptide hormones? - Answer -- atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) Natriuretic peptide hormones - Answer -These hormones, released by the cardiac muscle fibers in response to increased press ure within the cardiac chambers, stimulate the elimination of water and sodium in the urine to prevent salt -induced hypertension Osmosis - Answer -Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane hydrostatic pressure - Answer -the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel osmotic pressure - Answer -pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane increased capillary hy drostatic pressure (equivalent to higher blood pressure [BP]) - Answer -prevents the return of fluid from the interstitial compartment to the venous end of the capillary, or forces excessive amounts of fluid out of the capillaries into the tissues. (Pulmona ry Edema) Hypervolemia - Answer -increased blood volume Ascites - Answer -abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity Second cause of edema? - Answer -Loss of plasma proteins (Albumin) Causes of protein loss? - Answer -burns, urine through kidne y disease, or synthesis of protein may be impaired in patients with malnutrition and malabsorption diseases or with liver disease. Third cause of Edema? - Answer -obstruction of lymphatic circulation due to a damage or tumor on a lymph node Fourth cause o f Edema? - Answer -Increased capillary permeability from inflammation or infections. Pitting Edema - Answer -presence of excess interstitial fluid, which moves aside when firm pressure is applied by the fingers. A depression or "pit" remains after the finge r is removed. Functional Impairment - Answer -restricts range of movement of joints Pain with edema - Answer -edema exerts pressure on the nerves locally How is fluid loss measured? - Answer -change in body weight What percentage is considered severe dehy dration? - Answer -8%
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