ELAR Exam 231 Comprehensive Review Fall 2023 with complete solution
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ELAR Exam 231 Comprehensive Review Fall 2023 with complete solution
Abstract Expressionism
On of the most important movements in American art, began in the 40's with artist such as Koonin, Rothko, and Gorky; the paintings are usually large and nonrepresentational
Active Voice
A sentence style...
ELAR Exam 231 Comprehensive Review Fall 2023 with
complete solution
Abstract Expressionism
On of the most important movements in American art, began in the 40's with artist such
as Koonin, Rothko, and Gorky; the paintings are usually large and nonrepresentational
Active Voice
A sentence style which the subject performs the action
--->Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. (active)
--->At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry. (passive)
Allegory
A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning. It often
takes the form of a story in which the characters represent moral qualities
--->"Animal Farm", written by George Orwell, is an allegory that uses animals on a farm
to describe the overthrow of the last of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II and the Communist
Revolution of Russia before WW I. The actions of the animals on the farm are used to
expose the greed and corruption of the revolution. It also describes how powerful
people can change the ideology of a society.
Alliteration
The repetition of initial consonant sounds in two or more words in a line of writing;
Based on sound, not spelling
--->Alice's aunt ate apples
Allusion
Reference to a well-known person, place, object, event or literary work or work of art
--->The rise in poverty will unlock the Pandora's box of crimes. - This is an allusion to
one of Greek Mythology's origin myth, "Pandora's box".
Anachronism
Placing an event, person or object out of its proper chronological place
--->An example of anachronism can be traced in John Keats' poem "Ode on a Grecian
Urn":
"Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard
Are sweeter: therefore, ye soft pipes play on"
Notice the use of formal and a century old "ye" instead of informal and more appropriate
to Keats' time "you". It is an anachronism but its use here is intentional as it is used to
show the respect that the urn inspires in Keats; hence, produces an artistic effect.
Analogy
A comparison used to show the similarities between two or more objects
--->Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pen is the weapon of a writer.
--->How a doctor diagnoses diseases is like how a detective investigates crimes.
Antagonist
A character or force in conflict with the main character
--->Professor Snap and Draco Malfoy in Harry Potter
--->Roger Chillingworth in "The Scarlet Letter"
Antithesis
,A thought is balanced with a contrasting thought in parallel arrangements of words and
phrases
--->Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
--->Patience is bitter, but it has a sweet fruit.
Aphorism
An observation that contains a general truth, such as, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it."
--->The man who removes a mountain begins by carrying away small stones. [William
Faulkner]
--->Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind. [Rudyard Kipling]
Apostrophe
When a character turns away from the audience and directly addresses an absent
person or a personified quality. Allows the character the opportunity to think aloud.
--->In "Death Be Not Proud" when John Dunne directly addresses Death, he is using an
apostrophe
--->William Shakespeare makes use of an apostrophe in his play "Macbeth":
"Is this a dagger which I see before me,
The handle toward my hand?
Come, let me clutch thee!
I have thee not, and yet I see thee still."
In his mental conflict before murdering King Duncan, Macbeth has a strange vision of a
dagger and talks to it as if it were another person.
Argumentative
Defends or convinces about a topic
Aside
Lines spoken directly to the audience by an actor
Assonance
The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words
--->Try as I might, the kite did not fly (Repetition of the long "i" sound)
Ballad
A song that tells a story. Generally passed down through the generations
Caesura
A pause, usually signaled by punctuation, in a line of poetry
Casual Register
Informal language used by peers and friends. Lang, vulgarities and colloquialisms are
normal
--->Buddies
--->Teammates
--->Chats and emails
Catastrophe
The final action that completes the unraveling of the plot
Catharsis
The reader or audience feels compassion with the protagonist and experiences a sense
of relief when watching a protagonist overcome great odds
Character
A person in a story, poem or play. Even if the character is an animal or a god, the
character will have human characteristics.
, Chiasmus
Rhetorical technique in which the order of occurrence of words or phrases is reversed to
bring meaning to the sentence
--->"Bad men live that they may eat and drink, whereas good men eat and drink that
they may live." - Socrates (5th Century B.C.)
Climax
The moment of the greatest emotional tension or suspense in a story or novel
Conceit
Comparison between disparate objects
--->We find another striking example of conceit in John Donne's poem, "The Flea":
"Oh stay! three lives in one flea spare
Where we almost, yea more than married are.
This flea is you and I, and this
Our marriage-bed and marriage-temple is"
In the above lines, the poet tells his darling that she has no reason to deny him sexually
as the flea has sucked blood from both them and their blood has mingled in its gut, so
the flea has become their "wedding bed", though they are not married yet.
Connotation
A hidden meaning of a word usually determined by the context in which the word is
used. Words may be negative or positive
--->A dove implies peace or gentility.
--->Home suggests family, comfort and security.
Consonance
An example of near rhyme- the repetition of terminal consonant sounds; often used by
poets to create rhyme
--->Just like the poem "T was later when the summer went" by Emily Dickson:
'T was later when the summer went
Than when the cricket came,
And yet we knew that gentle clock
Meant nought but going home.
'T was sooner when the cricket went
Than when the winter came,
Yet that pathetic pendulum
Keeps esoteric time.
It can be seen from the lines that Emily Dickinson has made use of the consonant "m"
frequently in the italicized words.
Consultative Register
Standard form of communications. Users engage in mutually accepted structure of
communications. Users engage in mutually accepted structure of communications. It is
professional disclosure
--->When strangers meet
--->Communications between a superior and subordinate
--->Doctor and patient
--->Lawyer and client
Contextual
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