Unit 35.1 - Britain: losing and gaining an empire, 1763-1914
Resume
A* British Empire Trade summary notes
32 vues 1 fois vendu
Cours
Unit 35.1 - Britain: losing and gaining an empire, 1763-1914
Établissement
PEARSON (PEARSON)
A* summary notes regarding the changing nature and extent of trade as part of Option 35.1 of Paper 3.
Also have Navy notes on my page and Quizlet sets for the 5 countries part of the Britain: Losing and Gaining an Empire Topic, in which I can offer a bundle deal.
Unit 35.1 - Britain: losing and gaining an empire, 1763-1914
Tous les documents sur ce sujet (32)
Vendeur
S'abonner
grace301
Avis reçus
Aperçu du contenu
Trade
Link between Empire and Trade
- Growth in empire enables a country to grow + develop crucial trade links
- Development of trade links = more investment
- Success of trade-> further colonization encouragement
- Relationships between trade growth + empire is symbiotic
- Growth + development of trade= motivating factor for Britain
- Trade became lifeblood of empire
How Important was government policy in shaping changes to patterns of trade in
years of 1763-1914?
Initial Background: 7 Years War
- 1756-63
- GB + France in open conflict over colonial tension
- Fought on land, sea, Europe
- Britains victory positioned her to become dominant power in world
- Impact
o Gov debt was 157% of GDP in 1763
o Rose to 260% in 1821 due to US war of Independence
o Funding GB navy + paying for European armies was effective but expensive
o Income generated by trade crucial in keeping country afloat
Initial Government policy towards trade
- Protectionism
o Taxes/prohibitions on imports + exports designed to protect domestic producers
o By reducing sale of foreign goods, gov provide advantage to own producers
o No competition -> high prices, high taxes = revolution
- Mercantilism
o Policy to ensure value of exports is more than imports value
o Acquire gold or silver bullion through positive trade balance
- Designed to obtain advantageous trading relationships with colonies whilst protecting GB producers
from competition
- Caused tension + unrest in colonies -> major factor to US war of independence
Shift to Free trade
- Alternative system where import and export taxes minimized to allow merchants to compete across
borders
- Favour merchants who can produce cheapest goods
- Led to GB trade dominance in China, South America etc. , Soon adopted by others
- Led the Scramble for Africa as nations saw countries as potential markets for trade + natural resources
The Adoption of Free Trade
Mercantilism
- Government policy designed to ensure a positive balance of trade (export inc, import decrease)
, - Taxing + tariffs
Protectionism
- Introduction of taxes and tariffs to protect domestic products
Free Trade
- No restrictions so that competition can occur between countries
- No taxes, tariffs => competition => decreasing price => better for people
- Producers sell for more => colonies become wealthy => want to buy more from Britain
Tariff
- Tax imposed on importing goods
Tory
- More traditional fraction within Houses of Parliament, who favored mercantilism and protectionism
Whig
- More progressive faction who Favour electoral reform, abolition of slavery + free trade
Mercantilism Free Trade
- Focus on the best outcome for the - Allows for more competition between each
government other + between nations = strong market
- Only for the government and producers - More wealth for all, universal benefit
benefit, the rich benefit
- Higher prices for goods -> less can afford - Lower prices -> more can buy -> increased
- Quality goods affluence
Ireland
- Due to English landowner pressure = heavy tariffs + regulation on export from Ireland
o Can’t trade silk, glass
o Only give certain goods to GB
o Wool and cloth to anywhere not GB
- Dublin= 2nd largest trading city in Empire
- Ireland getting richer
o - £1.9m exports, £1.5m imports in 1750;
o £4.9m exports, £3.8m imports in 1790 – but tariffs meant this only benefitted the wealthiest
landowners.
- However, armed bands protested for free trades in 1770s
o Lined armed cannons by port to create panic and to threaten ship sinking
- Adam Smith advises gov ‘to protect a very slender interest of our own manufacturers’ the Irish cannot
export glass or silk, woold or cloth to anywhere but GB
- 1779, Ireland granted free trade
- Thriving economy + market
The Protectionist strikes back
- Tories in power from 1783-1830
- After Napoleonic Wars ended in 1815, Tory landowners in parliament passed Corn Laws
o These laws excluded foreign grain from GB markets (mercantilist-step backward)
o Protect GB landowner -> reduce competition -> decrease quality -> soaring prices
Great Reform Act 1832
- Whigs have considerable influence
- Until 1832, parliamentary constituencies had not been changed since Middle Ages
2
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur grace301. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €8,04. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
