AQA A Level History Component 2N (Bolshevik and Stalinist Russia) Summary Notes
20 vues 1 fois vendu
Cours
Depth Study (70422N)
Établissement
AQA
A detailed set of notes for the entirety of component 2N of AQA A Level History (Bolshevik and Stalinist Russia). Included are: thorough notes for every part of the specification, own knowledge to an A* level, arguments and evidence for potential essay questions, special (beyond-spec) knowledge to ...
,Key Political Groups......................................................................................................................................... 4
Background (pre 1917)..................................................................................................................................... 4
Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905..................................................................................................................... 4
Bloody Sunday................................................................................................................................................. 4
The October Manifesto..................................................................................................................................... 5
The Fundamental Laws (April 1906)................................................................................................................. 5
Rasputin........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Opposition to the Tsar in WW1......................................................................................................................... 5
The Events of the February Revolution............................................................................................................. 6
How far did the Tsar contribute to his own downfall?......................................................................................6
The Basics of Communism............................................................................................................................... 6
Lenin................................................................................................................................................................. 6
The Beginning of the Dual Authority................................................................................................................. 7
The Soviet Taking Power.................................................................................................................................. 7
Key Reforms Made by the Dual Authority......................................................................................................... 7
The April Thesis................................................................................................................................................ 7
How Did the Prov. Gov. Deal With Problems?................................................................................................. 7
The July Days................................................................................................................................................... 8
The Kornilov Affair............................................................................................................................................ 8
The October Revolution.................................................................................................................................... 9
Bolsheviks Consolidation of Power?................................................................................................................ 9
What Happened During the Russian Civil War?............................................................................................. 10
How Important Was Trotsky to the Civil War?................................................................................................ 10
How Did the Reds Win the Civil War?............................................................................................................ 10
War Communism............................................................................................................................................ 10
The Red Terror................................................................................................................................................ 11
Opposition to the Bolsheviks (Post Civil War)................................................................................................ 11
The New Economic Policy (NEP).................................................................................................................... 11
Centralisation Post-NEP................................................................................................................................. 12
Foreign Relations............................................................................................................................................ 12
The Significance of Lenin............................................................................................................................... 13
Young Stalin................................................................................................................................................... 13
The Bolshevik Leadership Contest................................................................................................................. 13
Long Term Successes/Failures of NEP.......................................................................................................... 14
The Need For the Great Turn.......................................................................................................................... 14
The First 5 Year Plan...................................................................................................................................... 14
Results of the First 5 Year Plan...................................................................................................................... 14
Collectivisation............................................................................................................................................... 15
Problems with Collectivisation........................................................................................................................ 15
,Stalin and the Cult of Personality................................................................................................................... 15
Foreign Policy Under Stalin............................................................................................................................ 15
Year Two........................................................................................................17
Collectivisation............................................................................................................................................... 17
Results of Collectivisation.............................................................................................................................. 17
Industrialisation............................................................................................................................................... 17
The Cult of Stalin............................................................................................................................................ 19
The Red + Great Terror................................................................................................................................... 19
Life for Citizens of the Soviet Union in the Years 1929-1941.........................................................................21
International Relations From 1929-1941......................................................................................................... 22
The Great Patriotic War.................................................................................................................................. 23
Origins of the Cold War.................................................................................................................................. 25
High Stalinism................................................................................................................................................. 26
Dictatorship and Totalitarianism Post-War..................................................................................................... 27
Stalin’s Death + Legacy.................................................................................................................................. 28
, KEY POLITICAL GROUPS
Social Revolutionaries (SR’s)
• Grew out of the populist movement
• Focused on the workers
• Weakened by disagreements between the left and right
• The left were anarchists who pursued terrorism, the right were more diplomatic in their actions
• Trotsky was initially a member of the SRs
Social Democrats (SD’s)
• They wanted a class based revolution following the ideas of Karl Marx, i.e the proletariat rise up
and beat the bourgeoise
• Lead by Lenin, very dedicated to revolution but he was exiled for much of the early years
• The party eventually split into the Bolsheviks (Lenin) and Mensheviks (Martov)
• The Bolsheviks had the majority of the power and were a small, dedicated party
• The main Bolshevik newspaper is called Pravda
Octoberists
• They were reformers, still wanted the Tsar in place but wanted change to the political system
• Particularly wanted him to keep the promises he made in the October Manifesto
• Many of its leaders were in the Provisional Government
Kadets
• Wanted Russia to become a constitutional monarchy with a democratically elected assembly
• Contained many progressive landlords and some entrepreneurs
• Played a significant role in 1917
• Provisional Government had a large no. of Kadets initially
BACKGROUND (PRE 1917)
• Limited social mobility, workers make up most of the population
• Issues to do with emancipation, freed workers still had to work for their old owners
• Agricultural economy, most superpowers had industrialised
• Massive country geographically, takes 2 months for a round trip from Moscow to Vladivostok
• Large parts of the country are uninhabitable, very cold in winter (-12)
Nicholas I
• Had little experience in government
• Married a German Princess Alexandra, who was the dominant personality
• Didn’t fully trust his advisors
• Believed that maintaining autocracy was the only way to keep Russia in order
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1904-1905
• Japan invaded Russia in 1904 but Russia didn’t see them as a threat
• They took Port Arthur and Mukden
• Russians sent their fleet the wrong way round the world to get to Japan, once they were there 8
months later they lost in hours
• Government had to sign a peace treaty, Russia became a laughing stock
BLOODY SUNDAY
• In 1905 a group of 110,000 workers led by Father Georgi Gapon went on strike in St. Petersburg
• It was over 4 members of a workers group being fired by the Putilov Iron works
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur aryanjolly. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €12,99. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
