Summary Foreign relations notes AQA A level History: Making of Modern Britain
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AQA
Notes covering all sections of foreign affairs for the course Making of Modern Britain. Useful for revision, planning of essays, comparison of periods.
Good luck with your exams!
Period Overseas Europe USA/Cold War Other
Conser 1953 – the end of the Korean War Rejection of Europe: Churchill’s dedication to continue 1957 – the Notting Hill riots in poor
vatives (started under Atlee) Eden: “This is something which we American involvement in Europe (tour in suburbs due to the economic and social
(1951- 1955 – start of the Vietnam War know in our bones we cannot do.” America after his resignation) issues
64) Gaitskell: ‘It means the end of a The Commonwealth Act 1962 -
1956-57 – The Suez Crisis thousand years of history’ 1953 – the end of the Korean War voucher system was created for
🙁 damage to the reputation (started under Atlee) where British immigrants
🙁 economic impact (run on the 1961 – application to the EEC troops fought alongside American 🙁 seen as racist
pound, oil prices) -> economic considerations (rise of
🙁 dependence on the USA – dollar inflation; failure of EFTA: failure of 1962 – the Cuban Missile Crisis - dedication of the Conservative official to
loan planning and Keynesian approach) 🙁 Britain was describes as ‘bystanders’ develop independent nuclear weapons for
-> political considerations: the world status (+Cold War fears)
1960 - ‘the wind of change’ - start of leadership position, bridge between Britain buys American Polaris missiles 1952 – first tests of the atomic bomb
the decolonisation under Macmillan Europe and America after the failure of the Anglo-French CND marches against nuclear arms
-> moral and economic reasons 🙁 conflicts over the Commonwealth agreement in 1962 (supported by the Labour) 1960 – the
(military spending) agricultural agreements block vote by the unions imposed
😊 relatively peaceful (Mau Mau 🙁 1963 – de Gaulle blocked Britain’s Scandals and blackmailing of British unilateralism on the Labour Party (rejected
rebellion) entry officials damaged American trust by Gaitskell in 1961)
🙁 need for a new role in the world 1963 – the Profumo Scandal or Vassal
(EEC) (blackmailing)
Labour Vietnam – Wilson provided moral 1967 – the failure of the second Commitment to the special relationship, 1965 – the first Race Relations Act against
1964- support to the USA, but did not application to the EEC (de Gaulle) NATO discrimination in public spaces
70 intervene 🙁 lack of enthusiasm 🙁 the Vietnam war put the relationships – established race relations boards
🙁 public anti-war riots under the strain 🙁 not specific
… Wilson needed American financial 😊 first legislation to address racial issues
1965 – Rhodesian Unilateral support, but sending the troops would be
Declaration of Independence even more costly 1968 – the ‘rivers of blood’ speech by
🙁 Wilson’s failure of negotiations Powell against further immigration
(because of the Ian Smith?) ? Contributed to the Conservatives victory
-> avoidance of military intervention in 1970
(seen as fighting a racial war) 🙁 exaggerated facts
Withdrawal from the East of Suez 1968 – the Second Race Relations Act: stop
😊 relevantly successful discrimination in housing and employment
🙁 some countries ended with 🙁 ineffective boards
oppressive regime due to Cold War
and the Soviet intervention 1968 – the Commonwealth Act: took away
the right of residence unless the passport
holders were 'patrials'
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