Summary Northern Ireland notes AQA A level History: Making of Modern Britain
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Notes covering Northern Ireland for all PMs: events, successes, failures. Useful for revision, planning of essays, comparison of approaches to NI.
Good luck in your exams!
Period Successes Failures
Labour 64- 1968 – NICRA – association for the civil rights which aimed to protect Peaceful protests of Catholics against discrimination in employment erupt with
70 Catholics violence, while RUC was blamed for the failure to protect them
Rising fears over a new military campaign of the IRA
1969 – Wilson sent in British troops
🙁 first welcomed by the Catholics, but then seen as favouring Catholics
Heath 1972 – after the violence of the Bloody Sunday, Heath imposed Direct rule 1971 – Heath announced Internment: police were allowed to arrest on political
1970-74 from London on NI and military reasons to prevent the spread of violence
Labour 74- The parliament in NI was dissolved, and NI PM’s petition to give them 🙁 more Catholics were retained than Protestants, which was regarded as
79 more power to deal with the IRA violence was rejected discrimination, and radicalised the republicans
1973 – the Sunningdale Agreement 1972 – the Bloody Sunday: British paratroopers opened fire at the NICRA
The power sharing between Republicans and Unionists protestors, killing 14
🙁 Republicans – not enough Widgery report state that the death could have been omitted if NICRA did not
🙁 Unionists – did not want to share power with Republic of Ireland create a dangerous situation
🙁 ongoing problems in the mainland Britain (strikes) undermined the 🙁 reinforced the feeling that the British government was hostile to the
agreement Catholics
Labour: Labour: 1974 – the agreement collapsed
1974 – est. Of Northern Irish Constitutional Convention which had to under Wilson: the disruption of telecommunication by the Ulster Workers’
determine the future of the gov. In NI Council strike -> declaration of the state of emergency and the imposition of the
After Unionist won most seats in 1975, it was dissolved, as they opposed direct rule
any power sharing
Special category status removed from the Catholic prisoners, which led to
🙁 dirty protests and hunger strikes
Thatcher 1985 – the Anglo-Irish Agreement: No negotiations with the terrorists (but modern evidence of secret
79-90 - intergovernmental cooperation between RI and the UK negotiations)
- Republic of Ireland received advisory role in the UK
- NI was recognised as a constitutional part of the UK Violence:
- British government assured its support for the civil rights in NI 1979 – IRA bomb killed NI shadow secretary; and member of the royal family
🙁 Unionists were outraged by the presence of the RI in NI, as they 1984 – IRA bomb in Brighton during the Conservative conference
thought that the terrorists come from there -> protest rally in Belfast 1987 – Remembrance Day bomb
🙁 Republicans regarded it as a confirmation that NI was becoming a part
of the UK IRA protests:
🙁 Some government in Thatcher’s Cabinet thought it was a concession to 1980 - Hunger strikes in Belfast prison, led by Bobby Sands
the terrorists 🙁 11 strikers died, but Thatcher did not grant them the status of the Special
Category
1987 – the Central Community Relations Unit: aimed to foster contact
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