Test Bank for Brock Biology of Microorganisms 16th Edition By Michael Madigan, Kelly Bender, Daniel Buckley, David Stahl
Test Bank for Brock Biology of Microorganisms 16e Michael Madigan, Kelly Bender, Daniel Buckley, David Stahl
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Test Bank for Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 16e Michael Madigan, Kelly Bender, Daniel Buckley, David Stahl (Test bank with answers at the end of each chapter) Chapter 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The production of human proteins (e.g., insulin) by genetically engineered microorganism s is an example of ________, a subdiscipline of microbiology. 1) _______ A) biotechnology B) applied microbiology C) industrial microbiology D) molecular microbiology 2) Which of the following statements is correct? 2) _______ A) Microorganisms represent a much smaller amount of Ea rth's biomass than plants. B) Microorganisms are significant in number, but not in overall biomass. C) Microorganisms represent a much s maller amount of Earth's biomass than animals. D) Microorganisms are significant contributors to the total biomass on Earth. 3) Which of the following types of microscopy could be used to visualize the layers of the cell membrane and the cell wall? 3) _______ A) Phase -contrast microscopy B) Bright -field microscopy C) Transmission electron microscopy D) Confocal microscopy 4) Robert Koch contributed to the field of microbiology by being the first person to 4) _______ A) use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media only. B) develop the tuberculin test only. C) formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease only. D) develop the tube rculin test, formulate four postulates for definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease, and use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media. 5) Microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of important nutrients in plant nutrition, particularly those of 5) _______ A) sulfur only. B) carbon only. C) nitrogen only. D) carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. 6) The first documented description of a microorganism was of a ________ by ________. 6) _______ A) yeast / Martinus Beijerinck B) fungus / Robert Koch C) bacterium / Ferdinand Cohn D) mold / Robert Hooke 7) In what/which domain(s) of life is/are microorganisms represented? 7) _______ A) Archaea B) Eukarya C) Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya D) Bacteria 8) When medical devices are left in the body, bacteria may grow on them as ________, which makes them especially resistant to treatment. 8) _______ A) communities B) biofilms C) populations D) liquids 9) ________ produced by microbial fermentation of glucose from cellulose or cornstarch is becoming a more important component of biofuels in the United States, and specialized ________ are needed to make this a commercially available product. 9) _______ A) Biodiesel / biotechnologists B) Ethanol / industrial microbiologists C) Ethanol / biotechnologists D) Biodiesel / industrial microbiologists 10) Why is ribosomal RNA especially useful for the study of phylogenetic relationships? 10) ______ A) It is highly conserved. B) It is highly variable. C) It is extremely short. D) It is only found in some species, helping them to distinguish from others. 11) The discovery of antibiotics and other important chemicals led to the field of 11) ______ A) agricultu ral microbiology. B) industrial microbiology. C) marine microbiology. D) aquatic microbiology. 12) Which of the following is/are characteristic of all cellular organisms? 12) ______ A) Communication, evolution, and motility B) Evolution C) Communication D) Motility 13) Deduce why viruses are excluded from the ribosomal RNA -based tree of life. 13) ______ A) Their genetic elements cannot be sequenced. B) They lack ribosomal RNA (rRNA). C) Some viruses contain multiple strands of RNA. D) They can infect other organisms, which complicates the genetic comparisons. 14) Electron microscopy has greater ________ than light microscopy, because the waveleng th of visible light is much larger than the wavelength of electrons. 14) ______ A) magnification B) contrast C) penetration D) resolution 15) Biological catalysts involved in the acceleration of the rate of chemical reactions are called 15) ______ A) evolutionary molecules. B) enzymes. C) growth agents. D) catalytic converters. 16) Bacillus anthracis deficient in its ability to differentiate would not be able to 16) ______ A) create vesicles. B) grow without additional supplemented nutrients. C) chemotax toward growth substrates. D) form spores. 17) Martinus Beijerinck was the first to isolate 17) ______ A) certain nitrogen -fixing root nodule bacteria. B) green algae. C) certain sulfate -reducing bacteria. D) green algae, certain nitrogen -fixing root nodule bacteria, and certain sulfate -reducing bacteria. 18) Microbes playing a role in nitroge n fixation in plants live in ________, while those playing a role in the digestive tract of certain herbivores live in ________. 18) ______ A) nodules / rumens B) nodules / fortrans C) fortrans / rumens D) rumens / nodules 19) Microbial cells first evolved on Earth approximately ________ billion years ago. 19) ______ A) 1.6 to 1.8 B) 5.4 to 5.6 C) 3.8 to 4.3 D) 7.0 to 7.2 20) What field focuses specifically on the use of microbes to make products, such as antibiotics, on a large scale? 20) ______ A) Biotechnology B) Industrial ecology C) Microbial ecology D) Medical microbi ology 21) Which of the following is NOT an accomplishment of Louis Pasteur? 21) ______ A) Developed heat sterilization techniques that involved the creation of a specialized swan -necked flask B) Developed the first rabies vaccine and treated thousands of individuals C) Developed enrichment culture techniques D) Determined that the alcohol -making process was mediated by microbial fermentation and thus refuted the theory of spontaneous generation 22) ________ was the first to describe microorganisms, while ________ was the first person to see bacteria. 22) ______ A) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Robert Koch B) Robert Hooke / Antoni van Leeuwenhoek C) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Robert Hook D) Robert Koch / Antoni van Leeuwenhoek 23) An organism of the genus Staphylococcus is ________, while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta is ________. 23) ______ A) spherical / coiled B) coiled / spherical C) spherical / rod shaped D) rod shaped / coiled 24) Approximately two billion years ago, ________ were primarily responsible for initially oxygenating Earth. 24) ______ A) Archaea B) purple sulfur bacteria C) cyanobacteria D) algae 25) A Pasteur flask has a(n) 25) ______ A) inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling. B) swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask. C) double neck so two substances may be added at the same time. D) secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage. 26) A pure culture 26) ______ A) is made of a clearly defined chemical medium. B) is a population of identical cells. C) contains one microbial cell. D) is sterile. 27) Compared to Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea have ________ surface -to-volume ratios, causing ________ nutrient exchange. 27) ______ A) lower / lower B) higher / lower C) higher / higher D) lower / higher 28) Which of the following statements is FALSE? 28) ______ A) Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently. B) Microbial cells are surrounded by a cytoplasmic membrane. C) Microbial cells can exist as single cells. D) Microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses. 29) Transparent double -sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly called 29) ______ A) steriliz ation plates. B) Petri dishes. C) culture medium plates. D) baker dishes. 30) Microbial control in wastewaters would most logically be a part of 30) ______ A) medical microbiology. B) microbial genetics. C) bacterial energetics. D) aquatic microbiology. 31) Walther Hesse and ________ pioneered the use of agar as a solidifying agent. 31) ______ A) Ferdinand Cohn B) Louis Pasteur C) Robert Koch D) Sergei Winogradsky 32) Some microorganisms can undergo ________ in which various cell types can become specialized and arise from one parent cell type. 32) ______ A) differentiation B) maturation C) genetic exchange D) mutagenesis 33) The process whereby microorganisms are used to help clean up pollution created by human activities is known as 33) ______ A) bioremediation. B) bioengineering. C) biodegradation. D) bioaugmentation. 34) Regarding early life on Earth, 34) ______ A) microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for about the same amount of time as plants. B) microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time. C) microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life. D) it is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared. 35) Who was the first researcher to provide direct experimental data that supported the germ theory to explain infectious disease? 35) ______ A) Koch B) Pasteur C) Lister D) Winogradsky 36) The morphology of a cell influences its 36) ______ A) motility. B) motility and surface -to-volume ratio. C) metabolism. D) surface -to-volume ratio. 37) The structure that confers structural strength on the cell is known as the 37) ______ A) cell wall. B) ribosome. C) cytoplasmic membrane. D) cytoplasm. 38) Robert Koch received the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 38) ______ A) identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causative agent of tuberculosis. B) developing a smallpox vaccination. C) developing a smallpox vaccination, identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causative agent of tuberculosis, and making an effective rabies vaccine.
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