GENETIC DIVERSITY AND MEIOSIS I
- Introduction to genetics
- Mendel rules
- Meiosis
We are talking about the change of generation and how genetic elements are behaving when they move from one generation to the next.
We can think about this how our chromosomes as carries of genetic material...
genetic diversity and meiosis i introduction to genetics mendel rules meiosis we are talking about the change of generation and how genetic elements are behaving when they move from one genera
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University Of Vienna
Concepts in Molecular Biology
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16 LC Concepts in Molecular Biology 02.11.2022
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND MEIOSIS I
- Introduction to genetics
- Mendel rules
- Meiosis
We are talking about the change of generation and how genetic elements are behaving when they move
from one generation to the next.
We can think about this how our chromosomes as carries of genetic material and are moving from one
generation to ne next, we have somatic cells, generative cells, we are changing between different ploidies
and any polyploid organism would have the genetic set prior to the fertilization, which regenerates the
original set (in this diploidy).
MEIOSIS
We have ancestral genomes, from mom and dad, that completes the genetic set of every one of us; the
chromosomes in humans reside in the shown configuration; during meiosis there is a reduction of the set
and chimeric chromosomes are form with recombination.
In order to meiosis to occur, dna is duplicated, there is homolog recombination that mutually exchanges
genetic elements. In the first meiotic division you separate the homologs, and in the second division the
sisters chromatids are separated generating haploid cells being genetically distinct.
,16 LC Concepts in Molecular Biology 02.11.2022
➢ Inheritance
The base for inheritance is the transmission of genes and their alleles (gene variants) from one generation
(parents) to the next (offspring). New combinations of alleles are brought together during the meiotic
divisions at the onset of the formation of generative cells.
Gregor Mendel looked at single gene traits that gave a specific phenotype, like seed shape, color, and so
on. He looked at these pure breads, realized that in F1 there is one dominant trait appearing and that in
the segregating population was established numerically → something like a close to 3:1 ratio.
If you cross two pure breads that have normally and mutant
alleles, taken the first filial generation F1 all affspring have
B/b genotype and normal phenotype.
F2 has instead → B/b X B/b = 75% normal and 25% mutant
phenotype.
So, was deduced the first law of dominance and uniformity.
With the plants, sometimes there is an intermediate phenotype (with co-dominance, pink roses -white x
red).
The last law is the law of independent assortment: genes/alleles when they segregate they do not
influence each other. This is only true under certain pre-conditions, provided that they are different
chromosomes -if they are the same chromosome they sort of influence each other-.
, 16 LC Concepts in Molecular Biology 02.11.2022
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