LCP4807 human-rights-notes.
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Contents
UNIT 1 ...........................................................................................................................................
1. Explain the origin and development of Human Rights in the world and in India. ...................
2. Disc...
Contents
UNIT 1 ...........................................................................................................................................
1. Explain the origin and development of Human Rights in the world and in India. ...................
2. Discuss the Theories of Human Rights. ..................................................................................
3. What are human rights? Explain different kinds of human rights. .........................................
4. What are the sources of International Human Rights Law? ....................................................
5. Write an essay on universalisation of Human Rights. ............................................................
6. Explain International Bill of Human Rights .............................................................................
7. Short Notes .............................................................................................................................
a) Commission on human rights. .............................................................................................
b) Explain Human Rights Council..............................................................................................
c) United Nations High Commissioner for human rights. ........................................................
UNIT 2 ...........................................................................................................................................
1. What are the human rights provided under the UN Charter? Explain. ...................................
2. What are the legal effects of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? Explain................
3. Bring out the relationship between the international covenant on civil and political rights a
the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights? ............................................
4. Short Notes .............................................................................................................................
a) Commission on the status of women under economic and social council ...........................
b) Human Rights and Art 2(7) of U.N. Charter .........................................................................
c) Promotion and Protection of Human Rights by the United Nations .....................................
d) Amnesty International .........................................................................................................
UNIT 3 ...........................................................................................................................................
1. Describe the Rights enshrined in the American Convention on Human Rights ......................
2. State the functions of American Commission and American Court of Human Rights. ............
3. Describe the Rights enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights ......................
4. State the functions of European Commission and European Court of Human Rights. ............
5. Comparison Between European Convention and American Convention on Human Rights.- ..
6. Discuss the human and people’s rights enshrined by the African Charter .............................
7. Explain the three main procedures for implementation of the African Charter on Human an
Peoples’ rights. .............................................................................................................................
8. “A special feature of the African charter which distinguishes this regional convention from
regional conventions is the enumeration of duties in detail”. Analyse this statement along with
defects in the African charter on Human Rights and peoples rights. ............................................
9. Short Notes .............................................................................................................................
a) African commission on Human Rights .................................................................................
UNIT 4 ...........................................................................................................................................
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1. Indian Constitution bears the impact of the Universal declaration of Human rights. Elucidat
2. What are the Human Rights guaranteed and protected under the Constitution of India? Dis
104
3. Explain the writs available under the Constitution of India for the protection of Human Righ
114
4. Explain the powers relating to inquiries into complaints and procedure for dealing with
complaints of National Human Rights commission .......................................................................
5. Explain the important provisions of protection of human rights act of 1993. ........................
6. Discuss the constitution, powers and functions of State Human Rights Commission. ...........
7. Short Notes .............................................................................................................................
a) Appointment of Chairperson and other members of National Human Rights Commission .
b) Removal of Chairperson and other members of National Human Rights Commission.........
c) What are the functions of National Human Rights Commission. .........................................
8. Problems .................................................................................................................................
Problem 1: .................................................................................................................................
Problem 2: .................................................................................................................................
Problem 3: .................................................................................................................................
UNIT 5 ...........................................................................................................................................
1. Explain the rights of the women guaranteed under the convention on the rights of the wom
145
2. Explain the Rights, liabilities of disabled person. ...................................................................
3. What is the role of united nations children fund (UNICEF) in protecting the rights of children
153
4. Explain the purpose for the establishment of United Nations High commissioner for Refuge
156
5. Short Notes .............................................................................................................................
a) Rights of child ......................................................................................................................
b) Rights of Minorities. .............................................................................................................
c) Rights Of Aged Persons .......................................................................................................
d) Convention relating to statelessness ..................................................................................
e) Media and the protections of human rights. ........................................................................
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UNIT 1
1. Explain the origin and development of Human Rights in the
world and in India.
Introduction
It may be noted at the outset that human rights are a matter and part and parcel of internation
law because human rights do not depend on an individual's nationality and therefore the prote
of these rights cannot be limited to the jurisdiction of any State. In other words, human rights
cannot be said to be a matter within the domestic jurisdiction of any State. After the adoption o
Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, it was generally recognised that human rights
ceased to be a matter of domestic jurisdiction and have b come a matter of international conce
even though at that time it was agreed by all that the Universal Declaration had only moral an
political significance having no legal value. It has been rightly pointed out that the competence
the United Nations on the subject of human rights is "an established fact and the provisions of
Article 2 (7) of the Charter could not be invoked against such competence when by the adoptio
the Declaration the question of human rights was a matter no longer of domestic jurisdiction b
international concern.'? "Human Rights" is thus a subject of modern international law. The effo
regulate human rights at an international level gained momentum after the establishment of th
United Nations.
What are Human Rights?
Broadly speaking human rights may be regarded as those fundamental and inalienable rights w
are essential for life as human being. Human Rights are the rights which are possessed by eve
human being, irrespective of his or her nationality, race, religion, sex, etc. simply because he o
is a human being. Human rights are thus those rights which are inherent in our nature and with
which we cannot live as human beings. Human rights and fundamental freedoms allow us to fu
develop and use our human qualities, our intelligence, our talents, and our conscience and to s
our physical, spiritual and other needs. They are based on mankind's increasing demand for a
which the inherent dignity and worth of each human being will receive respect and protection.
"Human rights are sometimes called fundamental rights or basic rights or natural rights. As
fundamental or basic rights they are the rights which cannot, rather must not, be taken away b
legislature or any act of the government and which are often set out in a Constitution. As natur
rights they are seen as belonging to men and women by their very nature. They may also be
described as "common rights" for they are rights which all men and women in the world would
share, just as the common law in England, for example, was the body of rules and customs wh
unlike local customs, governed the whole country.
Since human rights are not created by any legislation, they resemble very much the natural rig
Any civilized country or body like the United Nations must recognise them. They cannot be sub
to the process of amendment even. The legal duty to protect human rights includes the legal d
respect them. Members of the U.N. have committed themselves to promote respect for and
observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms.4 International concern with human rig
as enshrined in the United Nations charter is not a modern innovation. It is, in fact, "heir to all
great historic movements for man's freedom to the enduring elements in the tradition of natur
and natural rights and in the most of the world's great religions and philosophies, and the findi
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