Self knowledge test (lkt). (Part 1) The test matrix for LKT 2015/2016 fully detailed in 80 pages. , Which contain the history, origin, population, habits, important events, important people and war positions of the English-speaking countries; England, Scotland, Ireland, America, Canada and Australi...
Knowledge of Country and Society:
20% - 20 questions
Knowledge of History and Geopgraphy:
20% - 20 questions
,Index:
Pagina 1 Front page Pagina 41 IRE: Sports
Pagina 2 Index Pagina 42 IRE: Geography
Pagina 3 UK: Law Pagina 43 USA: Law
Pagina 4 UK: Law Pagina 44 USA: Government
Pagina 5 UK: Government Pagina 45 USA: Government
Pagina 6 UK: Monarchy/Parliament Pagina 46 USA: Government
Pagina 7 UK: Education Pagina 47 USA: People
Pagina 8 UK: People Pagina 48 USA: Native Americans
Pagina 9 UK: Famos Britons Pagina 49 USA: Native Americans
Pagina 10 UK: Painters/Food Pagina 50 USA: Media/Sports
Pagina 11 UK: Housing Pagina 51 USA: History / Pelgrims
Pagina 12 UK: Sports Pagina 52 USA: History / Immigration
Pagina 13 UK:Sports Pagina 53 USA: History / Civil war
Pagina 14 UK: Prehistory and Roman Pagina 54 USA: History / Independence
Pagina 15 UK: Roman and Anglo-Saxon Pagina 55 USA: History / Slavery
Pagina 16 UK: Viking and Normans Pagina 56 USA: History / Roaring twentie
Pagina 17 UK: Normans and Tudor Pagina 57 USA: History / Civil rights
Pagina 18 UK: Tudor Brittain Pagina 58 USA: History / Vietnam war
Pagina 19 UK: Stuart Brittain Pagina 59 USA: Geography / Regions
Pagina 20 UK: Stuart Brittain Pagina 60 USA: States and Cities
Pagina 21 UK: Stuart Brittain Pagina 61 USA: Mountain Ranges
Pagina 22 UK: Georgian Brittain Pagina 62 USA: Rivers
Pagina 23 UK: Victorian Brittain Pagina 63 USA: New York Boroughs
Pagina 24 UK: Modern Brittain Pagina 64 USA: NY Iconic places
Pagina 25 UK: Geography Pagina 65 USA: NY iconic places
Pagina 26 UK: National Emblems Pagina 66 USA: Presidents
Pagina 27 UK: Capitals Pagina 67 USA: Presidents
Pagina 28 UK: London original names Pagina 68 USA: Presidents
Pagina 29 UK: Rivers Pagina 69 Can: Symbols/population
Pagina 30 UK: Rivers Pagina 70 Can: language/politics/sports
Pagina 31 UK: Landmarks Pagina 71 Can: religion/indigenous ppl
Pagina 32 UK: Islands Pagina 72 Can: provinces/territories
Pagina 33 UK: Cities Pagina 73 Can: provinces/territories
Pagina 34 UK: Cities Pagina 74 Can: provinces/territories
Pagina 35 UK: Counties Pagina 75 AUS: Symbols/population
Pagina 36 UK: Greater London Pagina 76 AUS: Ancestry/immigration
Pagina 37 IRE: History Pagina 77 AUS: History
Pagina 38 IRE: National Symbols Pagina 78 AUS: History
Pagina 39 IRE: Politics Pagina 79 AUS: Provinces/territories
Pagina 40 IRE: Religion Pagina 80 Grammar
2
, United Kingdom; Law
Police force:
●● Bobbies: Police officers. The Metropolitan Police Service was founded by Sir Robert Peel when he
was Home Secretary. ‘Bobbies’ is a nickname sometimes used for the police that comes from Robert
Peel - ‘Bobby’ being short for Robert. Police have sometimes historically also been called ‘Peelers’.
They do not wear a gun.
●● Metropolitan Police: responsible for law enforcement within Greater London. The world's second
largest police force after the NYPD in New York. It's known by a number of names including the Met
Police, the Met, MPS and even Scotland Yard, the location of its headquarters. The Metropolitan
Police was founded way back in 1829 and is now London's' biggest employee. The area of ‘Greater
London’ that the Metropolitan Police covers is split into 32 boroughs.
- The City of London isn't one of them; that area is overseen by the City of London Police.
- The majority of the transport network meanwhile is covered by the British Transport Police.
This includes tubes, trams and overground trains.
●● New Scotland Yard: The Metropolitan Police's headquarters, near St. James's Park Tube station
in central London. But the name comes from its original base set between two streets, Whitehall Place
and Great Scotland Yard, not far from the London's Embankment. Scotland Yard became the name for
police activity in London. (also called; black museum)
Criminal vs civil law:
1. ●● Magistrates’ courts: politie rechter. Small minor cases. In Britain the judges are locals
and not trained.
2. ●● Crown Court: judge is trained and have 12 jury people. Crime cord.
most famous one is Old Bailey: named after it's street. at the Old Bailey, as at other courts, are
open to the public.
3. ●● Supreme Court: (house of lords): only recently. Hoger beroep kost een hoop geld en tijd.
You can be Lucky or unlucky. Is taken very serious because you will get a higher punishment if
your founded guilty. (highest in UK – except from Scotland; high court of justicairy)
4. ●● European Court: In 2017 there will be a referendum for Britain to leave the EU. This will
probably happen as people are not happy about it. You can go there and till now on the British
lost every case and IRA member etc. didn’t have to go to prison. And the British were very
annoyed because of this.
●● Trial by jury: Strong: The man on the street has an influence. Weak: More chance to be unguilty,
12 members, majority votes, Sequester (objective, so has to stay in a hotel and can’t read newspapers
etc.). You cannot get out of it. Except when you are so important at work that you can’t be missed
●● Justices of the Peace: is a judicial officer, of a Magistrates' court, elected or appointed to keep the
peace. Depending on the jurisdiction, such justices deal with local administrative applications in
common law jurisdictions. Justices of the peace are appointed or elected from the citizens of the
jurisdiction in which they serve, and are (or were) usually not required to have any formal legal
education in order to qualify for the office. 3 JP's decide on offences which carry up to six months in
prison, to a maximum of one year of imprisonment. Magistrates are unpaid volunteers but they may
receive allowances to cover travelling expenses and subsistence. Lay justices or magistrates must sit
for a minimum of 26 sessions per year, but some sit as much as a day a week, or possibly more.
●● Court of Criminal Appeal: (hoger beroep) the name of an existing court of Scottish law and of
historic courts in England and Wales, Ireland, and Northern Ireland.
In Scotland the court consists of at least three judges when hearing against conviction and two when
hearing against sentence, more judges may sit when the court is dealing with exceptionally difficult
cases or those where important matters of law may be considered. This is known as a Full Bench.
3
, ●● Central Criminal court
- The High Court of Ireland: is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and
important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central
Criminal Court. All Central Criminal Court cases are heard in front of a jury of twelve people.
The defendant can be convicted on a majority verdict of ten jurors
- Central Criminal Court of England and Wales: commonly known as the Old Bailey. The
Crown Court sitting at the Central Criminal Court deals with major criminal cases from within
Greater London and, in exceptional cases, from other parts of England and Wales.
●● Solicitor/barrister: a lawyer entitled to practice as an advocate, particularly in the higher courts.
●● Inns of Court: The Inns of Court in London are the professional associations for barristers in
England and Wales. All such barristers must belong to one such association. They have supervisory
and disciplinary functions over their members. The Inns also provide libraries, dining facilities and
professional accommodation. Over the centuries the number of active Inns of Court was reduced to
the present four:
- The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn
- The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple
- The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple
- The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn
The four Inns are near one another in central London. Middle Temple and Inner Temple are liberties of
the City of London, which means they are within the historic boundaries of the City but are not subject
to its jurisdiction. They operate as their own local authorities. These two Inns neighbour each other
and occupy the core of the Temple area.
They have a similar system in the U.S. But here it is not required to be part of an Inn.
●● Gowns and wigs: Court dress. Are supposed to emphasize the impersonal majesty of the law.
Court dress is worn at hearings in open court in all Senior Courts of England and Wales and in county
courts. However, court dress may be dispensed with at the option of the judge, e.g. in very hot
weather, and invariably where it may intimidate children.
Court dress is not worn at hearings in chambers and in the magistrates' courts.
In the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
counsel need not wear court dress if all advocates in a case agree on this. The judges dress in
conventional business attire.
●● Queen’s Counsel: jurists appointed by letters patent (a type of legal instrument in the form of a
published written order issued by a monarch or president, generally granting an office, right, title, or
status to a person or corporation) to be one of His Majesty's Counsel learned in the law.
Queen's Counsel is a status, conferred by the Crown, that is recognised by courts. Members have the
privilege of sitting within the Bar of court. As members wear silk gowns of a particular design the award
of Queen's or King's Counsel is known informally as taking silk, and are often called silks.
Appointments are made from within the legal profession on the basis of merit rather than level of
experience. However, successful applicants tend to be barristers, or (in Scotland) advocates, with 15
years of experience or more
●● Scotland own legal system: They have a different law system: Guilty – not proven – innocent. 15
jury members. The system is closer to Roman and Dutch. Together with English law and Northern
Ireland law, it is one of the three legal systems of the United Kingdom
●● Common law basis of the legal system of the United Kingdom: Common law (also known as
case law or precedent) is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals
that decide individual cases, as opposed to statutes adopted through the legislative process or
regulations issued by the executive branch
●● No national police force: all police employees work for one of the 50 separate forces, which have
responsibility for a certain geographical area.
4
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