Resume
Summary Notes course 'Introduction Descriptive Epidemiology and Public Health' (HNH-28303)
This is a complete summary of the course 'Introduction Descriptive Epidemiology and Public Health' (HNH-28303) of the online master Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health.
[Montrer plus]
Publié le
8 janvier 2022
Nombre de pages
65
Écrit en
2021/2022
Type
Resume
epidemiology
public health
descriptive epidemiology
analytical epidemiology
frequency
diabetes mellitus
standardisation
mortality
morbidity
cancer
prevention
elderly people
cvd
dfle
dale
hale
dalys
le
Établissement
Wageningen University (WUR)
Cours
Online master - Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health
Cours
HNH-28303 Introduction Descriptive Epidemiology and Public Health (HNH28303)
Tous les documents sur ce sujet (1)
Par: hermanvanderleeden • 8 mois de cela
Par: harkelien • 1 année de cela
S'abonner
Envoyer un Message
€8,99
Ajouté
Ajouter au panier
Ajouter au liste de veux
Garantie de satisfaction à 100%
Disponible immédiatement après paiement
En ligne et en PDF
Tu n'es attaché à rien
Notescourse‘IntroductionDescriptive
EpidemiologyandPublicHealth’
(HNH-28303)
Content
Notesweek1 2
1.1Introductiontoepidemiologyandpublichealth 2
1.2Historyofepidemiologyandpublichealth 4
1.3Descriptiveandanalyticalepidemiology 6
1.4Measuresofdiseaseoccurrence/frequency 6
1.5Diabetesprevalence 12
1.6Self-test 14
Summaryofthemoderator 16
Learninggoalsweek1: 17
Notesweek2 20
2.1Standardization 20
2.2Mortalityandmorbidity 28
2.3Assignment‘cancer’ 30
2.4Epidemiology,publichealthandprevention 32
2.5Studydesignsindescriptiveepidemiology 33
2.6Healthinelderlypeople 35
2.7Self-test 38
Summaryofthemoderator 40
Learninggoalsweek2: 41
Notesweek3 42
3.1Lifeexpectancy(LE)andCVD 42
3.2DFLE,DALEandHALE 48
3.3Disability-adjustedlifeyears(DALYs)andQuality-adjustedlifeyears(QALY) 50
3.4Globalburdenofdiseaseandinfectiousdiseases 54
3.5Self-test 60
Summaryofthemoderator 61
Learninggoalsweek3: 61
AppendixI-Assignment1.4g 62
AppendixII-Assignment3.3d 64
1
IntroductionDescriptiveEpidemiologyandPublicHealth(HNH-28303)
,
Note:Allreadingchaptersinthissummaryarederivedfrom:
WebbC.&BainP.(2017).Essentialepidemiology:anintroductionforstudentsandhealth
professionals.CambridgeUniversityPress,3rdor4thedition;andHaveman-Nies,A.,
Jansen,S.,vanOers,H.,&van'tVeer,P.(Eds.)(2017).Epidemiologyinpublichealth
practice.WageningenAcademicPublishers.Otherinformationisderivedfromthe
WageningenUniversityandResearch(WUR).
2
IntroductionDescriptiveEpidemiologyandPublicHealth(HNH-28303)
,
Notesweek1
1.1Introductiontoepidemiologyandpublichealth
1.1aWhatisepidemiologyabout
Epidemiologyisas tudyofup/uponpeople.Thisfocusesonthequestion:whatarethe
distributionanddeterminantsofhealthrelatedstatesandeventsofpopulations(regarding
healthproblems)?Amorerecentdefinitionis:epidemiologyisaboutmeasuringhealth,
identifyingthecausesofill-health,andinterveningtoimprovehealth.Thisisdoneby
systematicallydiscoveringpatternsinalargeamountofinformation.Afterthat,youanalyse
thedatatounderstandthepatternsinordertoprevent/intervenedisease.Ane pidemicis
aboutthen ewcasesofadiseaseinagivenpopulationduringagiventimeperiodoccurata
ratethatsubstantiallye xceedswhatis‘’expected’’(basedonrecentexperience).A
pandemicisanepidemicthatspreadsacrossalargeregion,forexampleacontinentor
evenworldwide.Ane ndemic(infectious)diseaseiscommonataspecificplace(like
malaria).
1.1bEpidemiology:anacademicandappliedscience
Differentwaysofusingepidemiology.Thec liniciantranslatesthescientificknowledgeand
proceduresto:‘whatistheb esttreatmentforthiss pecificpatient?’.Thee
pidemiologistin
academicsettingthinksaboutthequestion:‘howcanIbesureaboutthisspecific
exposure-effect,independentofthecontextofthispersonorpopulation?’.Andthe
epidemiologistinpublichealthsettingthinksabout:‘thebestpreventionstrategyforthis
specificp opulation/riskgroup’.Thedifferencebetweenthelasttwoisthattheacademic
settingtriestoe
liminateotherfactors,contextandvalues,whilstthepublichealthsetting
triestoincorporateallthesefactors.
Scientificdetective Crimeprevention
Epidemiologistina
cademicsetting Epidemiologistinp
ublichealthsetting
Epidemiologyisabouta
nalysingpatterns Epidemiologyisaboutusingthis
andcauses informationforp
reventioninpopulations
A‘detective’aimstoanalyzeand Preventionthroughpolicies,programs,and
understandthesepatterns(who?where? interventions
when?why?what?)
Focusonknowledgeg
eneration Focusonknowledgea
pplication
Important: Important:
● Validity,precision,causation ● Generalizability,importance
● Relevanttomankind,anytime, ● Bestpractice
anyplace ● Relevanttome,hereandnow
3
IntroductionDescriptiveEpidemiologyandPublicHealth(HNH-28303)
,
Thechainof‘food→health’isdescribedbelow,togetherwiththeplacewherepublichealth
andacademicepidemiologyispositioned.Thecyclecanalsobeexplainedbytheword
DISH.Theleftsideofthechainismostlyaboutthes
ocialfactorandtherightsideofthe
chainismostlyaboutthem edicalpart.
Source:WUR
1.1cEssentialepidemiology
Epidemiology,therefore,isaboutmeasuringhealth,identifyingthecausesofill-healthand
interveningtoimprovehealth.
Forexample,156outof343peoplewhoatehotchickenbecameilland156÷343=0.45
=45%.So45%ofpeoplewhoatehotchickenbecamesick.Thisisknownasthea ttack
rateforhotchicken,i.e.45%ofhot-chickeneaterswere‘attacked’byfoodpoisoning.
Forexample,45%ofpeoplewhoatehotchickenbecameill,comparedwith32%of
peoplewhodidnoteathotchicken.Hot-chickeneatersweretherefore1.4times(45%÷
32%=1.4)morelikelytobecomeillthanpeoplewhodidnoteathotchicken.This
measuregivesustheriskofsicknessinhotchickeneatersrelativetonon-eaters,henceits
name–relativerisk.
Descriptiveepidemiologyfocuseson‘person,placeandtime’.A nalyticstudieslookfor
associationsbetweenpotentialcausalagentsanddiseases.Epidemiologistsalsoe valuate
newpreventivemeasures,programsortreatmentsthataredesignedtoreduceillhealthor
promotegoodhealth.Theymonitortheeffectivenessofthese‘intervention’programsafter
theyhavebeenimplemented.
Inconclusion:
Againwehaveavividpictureofamasterepidemiologistatwork.Notsatisfiedthathis
hypothesishadbeenadequatelytested,Snowidentifiedtheopportunitytoconductaneven
morerigoroustest–his‘GrandExperiment’–andindoingsoheaddressedthemajor
epidemiologicalissuesthatstillconcernustoday.
4
IntroductionDescriptiveEpidemiologyandPublicHealth(HNH-28303)