In dit document vind je een samenvatting terug van het vak Sport & Performance Psychology wordt gegeven in het 2e jaar van de opleiding Toegepaste Psychologie aan de Hoge school Thomas More. Het is een keuzevak gegeven door door K. Verniers. Deze lessen verlopen in het Engels. Ik heb bij elke les t...
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Introduction in sport & performance psychology.....................................................................................................6
1.1 What is sport psychology?..............................................................................................................................6
1.2 History of sport psychology.............................................................................................................................6
Period 1: early years (1895-1920).....................................................................................................................7
Period 2: The Development of Laboratories & Psychological Testin| the Griffith era (1921-1938)................7
Period 3: preparation of the future (1939-1965)..............................................................................................7
Period 4: the establishment of academic sport psychology (1966-1977)........................................................8
Period 5: multidisciplinary science & practice in growth, exercise psychology (1978-2000)...........................8
Period 6: contemporary sport and exercise psychology (2000 – now)............................................................8
Understanding your athlete’s personality and sport................................................................................................9
Personality and sport............................................................................................................................................9
Criticism in recent years..................................................................................................................................10
1 Definition..............................................................................................................................................................10
Views of motivation................................................................................................................................................11
Achievement motivation & competitiveness..................................................................................................11
Theories of achievement motivation......................................................................................................................11
1. Need achievement theory...............................................................................................................................12
2. Attribution theorie..........................................................................................................................................13
3. Achievement goal theory................................................................................................................................14
4. Competence Movation Theory........................................................................................................................15
Theories of achievement motivation: resume....................................................................................................16
Development of achievement motivation...........................................................................................................16
Implications for practice..........................................................................................................................................16
Flow.........................................................................................................................................................................17
Special form of intrinsic motivation: flow.......................................................................................................17
Micro flow.......................................................................................................................................................18
What is arousal?......................................................................................................................................................18
What is anxiety?......................................................................................................................................................19
What is stress?........................................................................................................................................................19
The influence of arousal/anxiety on performance.................................................................................................20
The relationship between arousal & performance.................................................................................................21
Drive theory.....................................................................................................................................................21
Inverted- U hypothesis....................................................................................................................................21
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, Individualized Zones of optimal Functioning (IZOF)........................................................................................22
Multidimensional anxiety theory....................................................................................................................23
Hardy’s Catastrophe Model............................................................................................................................23
Intention & direction of anxiety......................................................................................................................24
Measuring arousal and anxiety...............................................................................................................................24
CSAI: Norms College athletes..........................................................................................................................24
Implications for practice..........................................................................................................................................25
What is psychological skill training (PST)?..............................................................................................................25
Skills & techniques..............................................................................................................................................26
Why is PST often neglected.....................................................................................................................................26
4 Myths about PST..............................................................................................................................................26
PST effectiviness..................................................................................................................................................26
PST: who, how, and when.......................................................................................................................................26
Who can use PST?...............................................................................................................................................27
How to implement PST?......................................................................................................................................27
When implementing PST?...................................................................................................................................27
Phases in PST...........................................................................................................................................................28
Educationale phase.............................................................................................................................................28
Training phase.....................................................................................................................................................28
Practice phase.....................................................................................................................................................29
PST program development......................................................................................................................................29
Process of PST.....................................................................................................................................................29
Assessing performers’ mental skills....................................................................................................................29
Psychological skills training................................................................................................................................30
Common problems in implementing PST................................................................................................................30
Consequences for practice..................................................................................................................................30
Recapitulation.........................................................................................................................................................30
How do performers say it?..................................................................................................................................31
Implications for practice.....................................................................................................................................31
Self-awareness of arousal.......................................................................................................................................31
Arousal-inducing techniques (bringing up).............................................................................................................32
Signs of underactivation.....................................................................................................................................32
Arousal-reducing techniques (bringing down)........................................................................................................33
Signs of overactivation........................................................................................................................................33
Somatic anxiety reduction techniques................................................................................................................33
Cognitive anxiety reduction techniques..............................................................................................................34
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, Matching tehnique to problem...............................................................................................................................36
Anecdotal tips small things you can do to bring down..........................................................................................36
Defining concentration............................................................................................................................................36
Types of attentional focus.......................................................................................................................................37
Attentional styles.....................................................................................................................................................37
Concentration and performance.............................................................................................................................38
Eberspächer – circles of attention.......................................................................................................................38
Attentional problems..............................................................................................................................................38
Enhancing concentration: self-talk..........................................................................................................................40
Improving concentration.........................................................................................................................................40
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................41
Effects of goal-setting on performance...................................................................................................................41
The essence of its effects.....................................................................................................................................41
Types of goals..........................................................................................................................................................42
1) Process Goals..................................................................................................................................................42
2) Performance goal............................................................................................................................................42
3) Outcome goals................................................................................................................................................42
differences: ego-, task orientation......................................................................................................................42
Which type of goal is the best?...........................................................................................................................42
10 Principles of goal-setting....................................................................................................................................43
1) Set long term and short term goals................................................................................................................43
2) SMART goals...................................................................................................................................................43
3) Use a mix of process, performance & outcome goals....................................................................................44
4) Write goals down regularly monitor progress: ink it, don’t think it...............................................................44
5) Set individual performance & team goals......................................................................................................44
6) Set practice (in training) and competition goals.............................................................................................44
7) Develop goal achievement strategies.............................................................................................................44
8) Provide goal support.......................................................................................................................................44
9) Evaluate and give feedback about progress...................................................................................................45
10) Adapt goals based on performance..............................................................................................................45
Pitfalls in goal-setting..............................................................................................................................................45
Prioritizing goals – your goals..................................................................................................................................45
What is self-confidence?.........................................................................................................................................47
Characteristics of optimal self-confidence and lack of self-confidence..................................................................47
Cognitive distortions leading to lack of s-c.............................................................................................................48
Wrong thinking?.................................................................................................................................................48
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