Resume
Summary Constructing Architecture
- Cours
- Établissement
- Book
Summary of the chapters introduction, modules and masonry. Pages 13 - 55
[Montrer plus]
Livre connecté
Titre de l’ouvrage:
Auteur(s):
- Édition:
- ISBN:
- Édition:
Plus de résumés pour
-
Samenvatting Constructie Beton
-
Samenvatting Constructie Metselwerk
-
Samenvatting Constructie Inleiding DEEL 2
Vendeur
S'abonner
romeebrunenberg
Aperçu du contenu
Summary ‘Constructing Architecture’4th edition
Solid and filigree construction
Earthworks – stereotomy – solid construction
Roofworks – tectonics – filigree construction two archetypal forms of construction
Earthworks: all building techniques of solid wall construction(cob, pisé & adobe, clay-and-stone masonry)
Roofworks: stereotomic forms (walls, arches, vaults and domes)
- Open “roofwork” encompasses all structures with linear and rodlike members – textile-like woven
structures
o Span open spaces as “covers”, forming the “roof” (overhead boundary) to the space below
- Includes: Timber engineering (layered, interwoven assembly) and steelwork (1800 onwards)
Filigree constructions: anonymous and traditional timber buildings
- Conical and spherical domes (made: straight and curved individual linear members)
- Vertical solid timber construction
- Two- and three-dimensional frameworks (timber frames, timber studding)
- Horizontal joist floors and roofs
- Roof constructions (purlin and couple roofs, trussed frames)
- Wood: organic and hence not everlasting (fungal attack, rot, fire) in contrast to solid
construction
o lightweight building material, readily available
Principal evolution: extends from simplest round or oval huts to rectangular shelters
- Nowadays still the standard form for dwellings
o more readily, more economically, subdivided and extended, easier to group together into
settlements
Construction systems depend on:
- Which natural resources are available locally
- What importance is granted to durability of a structure
Hans Soeder - Three different types of housing:
- Round domed structures (Euro-African hunter cultures)
- Round tepee-type houses or conical tents (Arctic and Antarctic regions)
- Rectangular, inclined windbreaks (Hot or temperature climate)
Filigree construction: the way in which these forms of construction are put together
- Structure of slender members, a weave of straight or rodlike elements assembled to form a
planar or spatial lattice in which the loadbearing and separating functions are fulfilled by
different elements
- Contains many “voids” > have to close the open framework
- Relationship interior < > exterior is achieved via secondary elements (not loadbearing structure)
- Openings = consequently structural openings (size matched to divisibility of the framework)
Solid construction: heaviness and compactness
- Primary element: massive, 3D wall made up of layers of stones or modular prefabricating
materials, or casting in a mould
- Jointing principle: the techniques of casting and layering
- Can only accommodate compressive forces and cannot handle tensile forces
- Erection of walls creates interior spaces directly, loadbearing and enclosing functions are identical
- Sizes of openings in walls are limited > weaken the loadbearing behaviour of the wall
- All walls have loadbearing and separating functions, no structural hierarchy, all parts of equal
importance
, Solid construction Filigree construction
Body Lattice
Made from walls (vertical) Made from linear members
- Solid, homogeneous (horizontal & vertical)
- Plastic, solid bodies - Open framework (2D, 3D) reduced to essentials
Primacy of the space Primacy of the structure
- Directly enclosed interior space - No direct architectural interior space creation
- Distinct separation between interior & exterior - No separation between interior and exterior
- Plan layout concept - The construction of the framework dominates:
linear members as lattice elements, infill panels
Principle of forming enclosed spaces Principle of forming enclosed spaces
a) Cells Gradual sequence of spaces, from “very open” to
- Additive, starting from the smallest room unit “very enclosed”, depending on the degree of clo-
- Divisive, by subdividing a large initial volume sure of the infill panels
(internal subdivision) c) Skeleton construction
b) Walls - Partial closure of horizontal and vertical
- Hierarchical, parallel loadbearing walls, clear panels between lattice elements: floor/roof or
directional structure (open-end façades) wall as infill structure
- Resolution of the walls: parallel rows of d) Column-and-slab construction
columns (a form of filigree construction) - Solid slab as floor/roof construction in
reinforced concrete
- Walls as infill between columns or
user-defined wall developments
(non-loadberaing)
Loadbearing principle Loadbearing principle
- Horizontal: arches; shells (vault, dome); form- - Horizontal beams (primary), possible more
active loadbearing structures (stressed skins) closely spaced transverse members (secondary)
- For long spans: additional strengthening with ribs - Eccentric nodes; directional hierarchy; layered;
(e.g. Gothic) and downstand beams (T-beams) primarily timber engineering
- Directional systems (truss designs) or non- - Axial nodes; directional and non-directional;
directional systems (waffle designs) primarily structural steelwork
- For long spans: increased structural depth of
primary elements
- Trusses, plane frames (2D), space frames (3D)
Openings as wall perforations Panel as structurally inherent opening principle
- The structural disruption in the wall - The structural opening as a variation of the
- Mediation between interior and exterior panel between lattice elements
- The hole: dependent on the wall-opening - Infill panels: solid; horizontal; vertical
proportions - Non-loadbearing curtain wall, horizontal ribbon
windows
, The perception of architectural space
Tectonics Form Space
Physics of the space Physiology of the perception
Material Mass Sight Light
Massiveness Colour
Heaviness Materiality
Lightness - abstract
Hardness - concrete
Softness
Filigreeness Touch Texture
Compactness - rough
Transparency - fine, smooth
- fibrous
Boundaries Opaque
Transparent Feeling Moist
Translucent Dry
Surface Hot
- flat Cold
- sculpted
Odorous Smell
Structure Tectonic, divided Agreeable
Non-tectonic, homogeneous “neutral”
- amorphous, “without form”
- monolithic - layered Sence of time Movement
- hierarchical - chaotic Permanence
- non-directional - directional Scale effect (feeling)
- “broadness”
Figuration Euclidian - “narrowness”
Mathematical - rational - “depth”
Geometrical
- abstract Hearing Noise
- concrete Resonance, reverberation
Organic Echo
- biomorphic Muffled
- intuitive Harsh
Dimension Scale
- broadness
- narrowness
- tallness
- depth
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur romeebrunenberg. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €6,49. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?
4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)
80796 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours
Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 14 ans