Nsg 557 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Describe the three types of cells in terms of their regenerative/proliferative capacity. - Labile cells: continue to proliferate throughout life à Epithelium of the skin, lining of the GI tract, lining of the lower GU tract, hematopoietic cells Stable cells: low level of replication, can regenerate when signaled à Parenchymal cells of the liver/kidney/pancreas, glandular cells, mesenchymal cells (smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondroblasts) Permanent cells: unable to proli...

proximal tubule functions 1. major site of electrolyte and glucose reabsorption 2. secretion of cations (creatinine, drugs) and anions (hippurate; diuretics, penicillins, cephalosporins) 3. ammoniagenesis 4. vitamin D conversion (1α-hydroxylation of 25(OH)Vit D to form 1,25 (OH)2-Vit D (calcitriol) proximal tubule (major site of reabsorption) magnesium 20% sodium 65% water 65% potassium 65% calcium 65-80% (sources vary) bicarbonate 80-90% phosphate 90% glucose 100%

respiratory system eliminates volatile acid (H2CO3) •eliminates carbonic acid via CO2 •System adjusts ventilation (rate, depth = minute ventilation) to amount of carbonic acid remaining Respiratory response and result of increased PaCO2 and decreased pH resp response: HYPERventilation result: correction of imbalance

Production of free fatty acids resulting from the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue. Describe glucose homeostasis in a fasting state lower blood glucose levels > stimulates glycogenolysis > rise in glucagon levels -> glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis > glucose production in fasting state Primary source of energy: free fatty acids produced by lipolysis Phase I anabolic/fed state (energy storage) 0-3.9 hours after eating circulating glucose predominately from an exogenous source...

Premature ventricular contractions, premature atrial contractions. Reentry Occurs when propagating impulse does not stop following normal activation of the heart, but persists and reexcites the heart after the refractory period Reentry - examples -Atrial Flutter -AVNRT -Scar-mediated VT (Ischemic CM, ARVC, Sarcoid)

NSG 557 Quiz 1 Latest Update | 2024/2025 | Already Passed *Name types of cell adaptation** Hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia **Define hypertrophy and provide an example of when it may occur** - **Hypertrophy:** Increase in cellular size due to increased functional demand or specific endocrine stimulation. - **Example:** Physiologic hypertrophy occurs in bodybuilders due to increased muscle demand. Pathologic hypertrophy can result in left ventricular h...

Describe the mechanics of inspiration. • The rate of inspiration and expiration is controlled by the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata. • Inspiration occurs due to ↑ firing of inspiratory nerves and so the ↑ recruitment of motor units within the intercostals and diaphragm. • Inspiration is the process of inhaling oxygen. When we breathe in, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward. This ↑ the space in the chest cavity into which our lungs expand. Thus, the intercos...

What kind of shock is associated with SIRS? Septic shock What is cardiac output like with septic shock? Normal/high What happens with SIRS? Insult --> Huge outpouring of INFLAMMATORY mediators --> VASODILATION/ vascular leakage / venous blood pooling --> HYPOperfusion / cell hypoxia / metabolic derangements --> Organ dysfunction --> Organ failure or DEATH

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) genetic mutations affect cell-mediated and humoral mediated immunity (B and T lymphocytes), clinical presentation: diarrheal illness, pneumonia, skin infections, thrush, failure to thrive; requires bone marrow transplant for long-term survival IgA deficiency B lymphocytes unable to produce IgA antibodies which support skin and mucous membranes; clinical presentation: respiratory and GI infection, autoimmune (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lu...