NSG 557 EXAM S BUNDLE |Questions with 100% Correct Verified Solutions

Esophageal Cancer • Esophageal Cancer with age, males - 17k/year; <15% under 55 - Risk factors: smoking, low fruit & vegetables, obesity, trauma, urban, achalasia, male gender, and GERD and Barrett’s esophagus • Squamous Cell (mid-esophagus) or Adenocarcinoma (esophageal-gastric juncti...

Merkel Cell function somatosensory: light touch, neuroendocrine function? Which skin zone has the most genetic diseases? basement membrane zone Melanocytes synthesize the pigment melanin What happens during keratinization? flatten, lose organelles, form fibrous protein (keratin), dehydrate, t...

What are the formed elements of the blood? Platelets Leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes) Erythrocytes Platelets Plate shaped membrane bound cell fragments formed from megakaryocytes No nucleus Not capable of mitotic division Average lifespan is 4-5 days

SIADH - Diagnostic Criteria -Euvolemic -Thyroid/cortisol deficiency ruled out -No diuretic use -Serum Na < 135 mmol/L -Urine Na > 40 mEq/L -Serum Osm < 280 mOsm/kg -Urine Osm > 100 mOsm/kg

in situ - ANSWER pre-invasive epithelial tumors (haven't broken through basement membrane) invasive - ANSWER cancer that has spread beyond the layer of tissue in which it developed and grows into surrounding, healthy tissues carcinogenesis - ANSWER initiation, promotion, progression

afferent neuron carries information toward the CNS (ascending) efferent neuron carries information away from the CNS to target organ (descending) interneuron connects areas within the brain membrane potential NA-K ATPase pump maintains 90mV polarized membrane potential; more intracellular K+...

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) genetic mutations affect cell-mediated and humoral mediated immunity (B and T lymphocytes), clinical presentation: diarrheal illness, pneumonia, skin infections, thrush, failure to thrive; requires bone marrow transplant for long-term survival IgA ...

Production of free fatty acids resulting from the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue. Describe glucose homeostasis in a fasting state lower blood glucose levels > stimulates glycogenolysis > rise in glucagon levels -> glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis > glucose production in fasting st...

cell injury caused by stress severe enough to impair function and ability of cell to adapt; may be reversible or irreversible depending on severity of stress and baseline condition of the cell; occurs prior to any biochemical and morphological signs of injury cellular adaptation vs cell injury ...

proximal tubule functions 1. major site of electrolyte and glucose reabsorption 2. secretion of cations (creatinine, drugs) and anions (hippurate; diuretics, penicillins, cephalosporins) 3. ammoniagenesis 4. vitamin D conversion (1α-hydroxylation of 25(OH)Vit D to form 1,25 (OH)2-Vit D (calci...

respiratory system eliminates volatile acid (H2CO3) •eliminates carbonic acid via CO2 •System adjusts ventilation (rate, depth = minute ventilation) to amount of carbonic acid remaining Respiratory response and result of increased PaCO2 and decreased pH resp response: HYPERventilation res...

What kind of shock is associated with SIRS? Septic shock What is cardiac output like with septic shock? Normal/high What happens with SIRS? Insult --> Huge outpouring of INFLAMMATORY mediators --> VASODILATION/ vascular leakage / venous blood pooling --> HYPOperfusion / cell hypoxia...

Chromasia (meaning) color, the ratio of weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the red blood cell. Can be hypochromic: iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia normochromic (aplastic anemia, anemia of chronic renal failure) hyperchromic

Hyperkalemia an elevation of potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid Hyperkalemia - Etiology caused by factors that increase potassium intake, shift potassium from the cells into the extracellular fluid, and decrease potassium excretion. Hyperkalemia - Clinical Manifestations In...