Biomg - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Central dogma Correct Answer-DNA -> RNA -> Protein Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment Correct Answer-demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material because degradation of DNA led to a cessation of bacterial transformation Nucleotides Correct Answer-Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases Key bonds in nucleotides Correct Answer-Glycosidic and ester bonds glycosidic bond Correct Answer-Between the base and the sugar forms at 1' Ester...

four main pathways for protein sorting Correct Answer-1. cytosolic proteins are simply synthesized in the cytosol 2. proteins destined for peroxisomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts and synthesized in the cytosol and transported across membranes into the organelles 3. proteins destined for the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol and transported thru nuclear pores 4. proteins destined for the ER, Golgi, endosomes, plasma membrane, and secretion are synthesized on the ER by the secretory pa...

bicoid Correct Answer-these genes encode cytoplasmic determinants in the anterior tip of the embryo syncytial blastoderm Correct Answer-the stage of embryonic development during which bicoid expression is significantly reduced syncytial blastoderm Correct Answer-stage of embryonic development in which nuclei move to the periphery of the cell, forming a single layer, with each nuclei barely separated from its neighbors cellular blastoderm Correct Answer-stage of embryonic development aft...

The invention of the ___________ led to the identification of cells in the _________. Correct Answer-1. microscope 2. 17th century/1600s Who coined the term "cell" with a drawing of what? Correct Answer-1. Robert Hooke 2. Drawing of the structure of cork The "cell theory" states that: Correct Answer-1. all living organisms are made of cells. 2. cells are the basic units of life. 3. cells arise from pre-existing cells. 4. hereditary information passes from cell to cell. 5. all cel...

Describe the five general procedures in DNA cloning Correct Answer-1. Obtaining the DNA segment to be cloned 2. Selecting a small molecule of DNA capable of autonomous replication 3. Joining two DNA fragments covalently 4. Moving recombinant DNA from the test tube to a host organism 5. Selecting or identifying host cells that contain recombinant DNA Are restriction enzymes made by eukaryotes or prokaryotes? What is their function in vivo? Correct Answer-Restriction endonucleases are found...

Protein that turns GTP-binding proteins on Correct Answer-GEF (binds GTP) Protein that turns GTP-binding proteins off Correct Answer-GAP (hydrolyzes GTP) How many small GTPases are in the human genome? Correct Answer-Over 100 How can you determine the number of a type of protein by looking at the genome? Correct Answer-By finding similar DNA sequences How does Ras work? Correct Answer--Regulates cell growth -Ras regulated by growth factors (cell will not grow without growth factors)...

Immunofluorescence microscopy steps Correct Answer-1. fix cells 2. permeabilize cells 3. rabbit antibodies to ezrin 4. wash 5. fluorescent-labeled goat antibodies made to rabbit antibodies 6. wash 7. view in microscope T/F: All single-celled organisms are prokaryotes Correct Answer-false T/F: All prokaryotes are single-celled organisms Correct Answer-true microtubules are Correct Answer-cytoskeleton filament systems generallly used as tracks for long-range transport of organelles ...

What is the minimum number of nucleotides per amino acid required to specify all 20 amino acids? Correct Answer-3 nucleotide bases per amino acid Codon Correct Answer-a triplet of nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid Translation occurs in such a way that these nucleotide triplets are read in a successive, nonoverlapping the key to the translation of genetic information, directing the synthesis of specific proteins Overlapping Correct Answer-AUACGAGUC -> is read like AU...

Drosophila Correct Answer-fruit fly Why do we care about Drosophila development? Correct Answer-they are sophisticated genetic and molecular biology tools, and they have revealed many genetic controls underlying development that are conserved in flies and humans Life cycle if Drosophila Correct Answer-fertilization, hatching, pupation, metamorphosis, adult How long after Drosophila fertilization does hatching occur? Correct Answer-1 day How long after Drosophila fertilization does pu...

what kind of receptors recognize hydrophobic signals such as steroid hormones? A. cell surface receptors B. intracellular receptors C. any of the above Correct Answer-b which type of signaling uses secreted signals that function as local mediators? A. endocrine signaling B. paracrine signaling C. contact dependent signaling D. neuronal signaling Correct Answer-paracrine signaling in a signal transduction pathway controlled by G protein coupled receptors, PKA is located A. upstr...