CHEM 241

Fraction of Dissociation - correct answers the fraction of the acid in the conjugate base form (A-). [A-] / [A-]+[HA] or [A-]/F Fraction of Association - correct answers the fraction of the base in the conjugate acid form [BH+]. [BH+] / [BH+]+[B] or [BH+]/F Strong Acids - correct answers HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, HI, HBr Strong Bases - correct answers LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2 What should I do if I have a dilute strong acid or base? (10e-6<F...

If you add more than a minimum amount of ethanol when recrysallizing, how does that affect % recovery - correct answers Less crystals, % recovery decreases List 2 features of the mp of an impure compound - correct answers -Lower -Broad range List 2 features of the mp of a pure compound - correct answers -correct mp -narrow range 2 Features of a good solvent for recrystallization - correct answers -insoluble at colder temps -soluble at hot temps -All impurities soluble at all temper...

Alkanes - correct answers - Single bond -Chemical structure- CnH2n+2 First four alkanes - correct answers -Methane(CH4) -Ethane (c2H6) -Propane(C3H8) -Butane(C4H10) Alkenes and Alkynes - correct answers -contains double bonds Alkynes - correct answers -contains triple bonds Alcohols - correct

the importance of TMS (CH3)4Si - correct answers -TMS is extremely shielded (more so than most organics) -1 sharp spike at 0, due to 12 equivalent protons -chem. Inert -low BP, easily removed Beer's Law - correct answers A=abc A=absorbance a=molar absorptivity b=path length c=concentration know how to find c= if λ=max then a is constant if a standardized cuvette is used b is constant if A, b, and a are known, then c can be calculated, but only if all those criteria are met! (A ...

alkane single bonds, sp3 carbons alkene double bond, sp2 carbons alkyne triple bond, sp carbons alcohol R-OH (hydroxy

what are the two forms of hydrogen and how can we determine which it is within a bond? - correct answers Hydrogen can either be acidic (+) or hydridic (-). we can determine which it is in a certain bond by looking at the dipole and electronegativity of both atoms. what is an anion? - correct answers an atom with more electrons and a negative charge what is a cation? - correct answers an atom with less electrons (missing some) and a positive charge describe the radius of neutral atoms, c...

oxidation - correct answers loss of electrons reduction - correct answers gain of electrons current - correct answers the greater the voltage, the more _____ will flow galvanic - correct answers _____ cell uses spontaneous chemical reaction to generate electricity salt bridge - correct answers _____ ____ maintains electroneutrality throughout the cell calomel, silver silver chloride - correct answers Two reference electrodes _____ using KCl and ____ ____ _____ using AgCl and KCl

Increase N - correct answers 1) Increase length of column 2) Optimize flow rate (Ux) to minimize H 3) Smaller packing bead diameter, uniform packing (A-term) 4) Thinner SP layer (less C term) 5) Open Tubular Liquid Chromo (No A) (A: more sensitive & resolution, fit more plate (N) shorter analysis D: small capacity) Absorption Chromatography - correct answers SP: Solid MP: Liquid or Gas Solutes move at different rates according to the forces of attraction to the stationary phase Parti...

If you are unsure which layer of your separatory funnel is the organic layer and which is the aqueous layer, which of these is the safest way to figure it out? - correct answers Add a few drops of water to each layer to see if the water mixes in (aqueous layer) or forms a separate layer (organic) How do you know when you have used a sufficient amount of sodium sulfate? - correct answers When some of the sodium sulfate is powdery or free flowing When should you throw out the layer from the ...

Extraction - correct answers The physical transfer of a solute from one phase to another Goals of separation - correct answers 100% recovery and 100% purity Precipitation - correct answers Liquid to solid Solvent-solvent extraction - correct answers Solvent 1 to solvent 2 Distillation - correct answers Liquid to gas Sublimation - correct answers Gas to solid Distribution constant: KD= - correct answers [S]org/[S]aq Which phase is on top: aqueous or organic? - correct answers...