NSG 533 (NSG533)

define cell necrosis (Ans- - irreversible injury - rapid plasma membrane structure loss - organelle swelling - mitochondrial dysfunction what happens in cell necrosis (Ans- - cell membrane is ruptured - leakage of cell contents - ATP is lost - organelles swell - severe mitochondrial damage - local inflammation define apoptosis (Ans- programmed cell death; not associated with inflammation list the three mechanisms of apoptosis (Ans- 1. apoptosis triggered by inter...

Tonsillar Herniation (Ans- cerebellum thru foramen magnum; kills by resp/cv depression Meningitis (Ans- inflammation of the meninges covering brain and spinal cord viral meningitis (Ans- aseptic meningitis; lower mortality rate; 90% enteroviruses: coxsackie virus, echo virus, fecal /oral route, respiratory: peak in summer and fall months Bacterial Meningitis (Ans- inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord caused by various types of bacteria. Lif...

what are plaques that rupture called? (Ans- complicated plaques what happens when a plaque ruptures? (Ans- platelet adhesion, clotting cascade, rapid thrombus formation --> occlusion of vessel --> ischemia or infarction of vessel list the acute coronary syndromes (Ans- unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI what is an acute coronary syndrome? (Ans- sudden coronary obstruction caused by thrombus formation over arteriosclerotic plaque manifestations of unstable angina (Ans- -...

when can an individual receive Serum HAV Ig for pre/post exposure prophylaxis? (Ans- pre: - <2 weeks before a trip - under 2 years old post: - up to 2 weeks post-exposure transmission of HBV (Ans- mucosal contact with infected blood or body fluid (saliva, semen) pathophysiology of HBV (Ans- exposure to HBV --> cell-medicated immune response in cell nucleus --> Cytotoxic T cells and NKC are sent to the virus to release inflammatory cytokines --> initiation of infl...

describe brain compliance (Ans- the ability of cranial content to tolerate changes in volume as brain volume increases, ICP initially does not increase due to ____________ (Ans- brain compliance how to monitor CSF in ICP (Ans- ICP waveform a healthy brain will have peak 1 higher than peak 2, which is higher than peak 3 an unhealthy brain will have peak 2 higher than peak 1 (going up) explain impaired brain autoregulation (Ans- as blood flow to the brain drops, vasodilatio...

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