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Katherine Lee 9/20/2023
Unit 4
TECHNOLOGY in Sea-Based Empires
Adopted Technologies
Sea-Empires in Europe:
Magnetic Compass from China
Astrolabe
helps determine the longitude and latitude of stars
technology developed by the
Greeks --> Arabs preserved it
Lateen Sail
triangular sail developed by Arab merchants
more precise sailing
Astronomical charts
diagrams with stars and constellations
adopted technologies from different culture
through trade
European Inventions
Shipbuilding Innovations:
Portugal
caravel
smaller to have an easier travel
equipped ships with canons
Carrack
larger to carry more cargo, more guns
Dutch
Fluyt
ship exclusively designed for trade
massive cargo hold
requires a smaller crew
better than Portugal
CAUSES of EUROPEAN EXPLORATION
State-sponsored Exploration
Motivation:
desire for Asian spices (pepper)
land-based empire controlled the trade routes
goods more expensive
to spread Christianity
acquire gold and silver in Trans-Saharan
mercantilism
competition between the states
Portugal's Trading Post Empire:
Prince Henry the Navigator
https://padlet.com/padlets/53ow9lz1vsgb91yb/exports/print.html?print=1 1/8
, 11/13/24, 9:45 PM Unit 4
sponsored the exploration into
the Indian Ocean trade routes
had the right technology
motivation to spread Christianity
after Portugal and Spain reconquered
the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims
Trading Post- Empire
around Africa and eventually
around the Indian Ocean
by Vasco Da Gama
establishing ports for trade
determined to own the
Indian Ocean Trade Network
Spain's Sea-based Empire
Christopher Colombus:
tried to find a short route to India
presented the idea to Ferdinand and Isabella
(kings and queens of Spain) and they sponsored it
In 1492 reached the Caribbean
islands (thought it was India)
sent fleets to conquer the Americas
opened to trans-Atlantic trade
Other State's Empire
Causes for Exploration:
political rivalry
envy
desire for wealth
need an alternate route to Asia
France:
Seeking Western passage to India (failed)
to South America
1608 established in Quebec
by Samuel De Champlain
diseases + casualties from fighting the natives
turned into a trading port
England:
late to the game --> profited
from the textile industry
Queen Elizabeth rose to power
defeated Spain's attempt to conquer England
supported explorations
commissioned Walter
Raleigh to lead the expedition
established Virginia as the first colony
Dutch Republic:
In 1579 gained independence from Spain
competing trading posts in Africa
eventually overthrow Portuguese as the
dominant force in the Indian Ocean Trade
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