Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Exam 1 Questions And Answers
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Course
Biological Anthropology
Institution
Biological Anthropology
Introduction to Biological Anthropology:
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Plato created essentialism
Essentialism -things have a set of unchanging
characteristics that make them what they are
-variation among things is just unimportant deviation from the
"essence"
Beliefs prior to the 1830s 1. ...
Introduction to Biological Anthropology:
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Plato created essentialism
Essentialism -things have a set of unchanging
characteristics that make them what they are
-variation among things is just unimportant deviation from the
"essence"
Beliefs prior to the 1830s 1. Species are composed of similar individuals sharing the same
essence.
2. Species are separated from one another by well-defined discontinuities.
3. Species are constant through time (i.e., fixed, immutable).
4. There are stringent limitations to the possible variation of any one species.
Teleology argument from design
Archbishop James Ussher -1650
, Introduction to Biological Anthropology:
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
-used annals fo the Old Testament to deduce the first origin of the world
-thought the Earth was created in 4004 BC
-ptolomeic cosmology
-earth is the center of everything
Copernicus -1514
-he believed the Sun centered the solar system
-no one believed him though
Galileo -early 1600s
-repeated Copernican ideas; confrontation with the church led to house arrest
John Ray -1627-1705
-concept of genus and species
-recognized reproductive continuity and isolation as basic characters of a species
Carolus Linnaeus -1707-1778
, Introduction to Biological Anthropology:
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
-father of Taxonomy and Systematics
-published the Systema Naturae in 1735
-formalized bionomial system (genus and species)
Linnean hierarchy -Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
-classified Homo sapiens as an animal
-believed in fixity of species
Compte de Buffon (Georges Louis LeClerc) -1707-1788
-believed animals change in response to their environment
-no purpose, no direction, no change in nature
-rejected idea of transmutation of species
Erasmus Darwin -1731-1802
-Darwin's grandfather
-expressed ideas of evolution and transmutation of species long before Darwin
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