Bio 219 Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
All organisms are made mostly of ___. What does this cause? water
-produces hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions within cell
cells are a(n) ___ ___ created by ____ (order, disorder, system) Cells are an ordered
system created by disorder
...
All organisms are made mostly of ___. What does this cause? water
-produces hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions within cell
cells are a(n) ___ ___ created by ____ (order, disorder, system) Cells are an ordered
system created by disorder
What chemicals are highest in your body? Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
What are the macromolecular fundamentals (4) 1. Interactions within cells are driven by
molecular level interactions (bonds between atoms like H bonding) and hydrophobic effects (bc
we're mostly water)
2. Cellular structures are built by maximizing entropy in spontaneous rxns which arises from
interactions with water
3. The cell is a nonequil. system based on coupled chemical reactions.
, Bio 219 Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
4. Interactions between molecules and molecular movement within the cell occur by random
thermal jostling of molecules.
Hydrogen bonding atoms have different electroneg = partial charges
Rank bonds in the order of stability in the cell covalent > ionic > H bond
-weak = flexibility, good for protein folding.
Non polar interactions are a result of dispersion
-nonpolar things are dispersed by polar things, causing them to join together and minimize their
interaction with polar stuff by moving to lowest energy state (mean girls vs teachers)
-#1 contributor to proper protein folding
what is the #1 contributor to proper protein folding -non polar dispersion by polar things
-high energy state near water and wants to decrease to become stable
-Driven by avoiding water and by maximizing entropy, their lowest energy state is when they're
together
, Bio 219 Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
molecules are always moving to lowest energy state with highest entropy and to avoid
water
Why are oil and water immiscible? they do not mix because oil molecules stick together,
not bc they are attracted to one another, but because they're trying to avoid water and their lowest
energy state is when they're together
The polar head of the membrane interacts with water via which interaction: covalent, ionic, or
hydrogen bonds H bonds because they have different charges, and because H bonds need
to break and form, so they should be weak and flexible.
The two phases of lipid bilayer interact via: covalent, ionic, hydrophobic interactions
hydrophobic interactions
Where on a protein is it hydrophilic or hydrophobic interacting w cytoplasm/matrix:
hydrophilic
interacting w membrane/inside of cell: hydrophobic
phosphate group PO4-
, Bio 219 Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
nucleic acid (RNA/DNA)
Amine group NH3+
Amino Acid
Methyl group -CH3, nonpolar
carbonyl group C=O, polar
Hydroxyl group CH3O
Carboxyl group COOH
Aldehyde group CHO (carbonyl with H)
sulfihydryl R-SH
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