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CMB2001 Questions and Answer | Latest Update 2024/2025 $12.49   Add to cart

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CMB2001 Questions and Answer | Latest Update 2024/2025

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Why does RNA degradation take place? ~~> Damaged mRNA Incorrectly transcribed/processed mRNA Control gene expression What 2 things control mRNA levels? ~~> Transcription and turnover Why is turnover important? ~~> If mRNA has a ridiculously long half life and doesn't go away,...

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  • September 15, 2024
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1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+




CMB2001 Questions and Answer |
Latest Update 2024/2025
Why does RNA degradation take place?


✓ ~~> Damaged mRNA




✓ Incorrectly transcribed/processed mRNA



✓ Control gene expression




What 2 things control mRNA levels?


✓ ~~> Transcription and turnover




Why is turnover important?


✓ ~~> If mRNA has a ridiculously long half life and doesn't go away, then

if you stop transcription you don't stop protein expression because the

mRNA is still there




Describe what casein mRNA is and explain the importance of turnover


✓ ~~> Expressed in mammary glands




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


mRNA increases ~70fold on stimulation by prolactin




But transcription only increases ~2 fold




HOW?


- Half-life increases dramatically (~40fold) in response to prolactin


- Poly(A) tail length is increased which is an indication of the mRNA being

stabilised


- 3'UTR of RNA binds proteins which aid in this stabilisation




What do mRNAs look like during translation?


✓ ~~> Circular




Why is the mRNA circular during translation?


✓ ~~> Monitors mRNA integrity - it will not be circular if it has lost the cap

or poly(A) tail




Bring ribosomes ending translation close to the AUG (it is suggested that

ribosomes recycle onto the 5' end)




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+




Helps translation because it helps reinitiation of translation




Stabilises the RNA because most processes that target RNA for degradation

start through either the cap or the poly(A) tail and to get to these you have

to break open the circular structure




Describe Phase 1 of mRNA degradation


✓ ~~> The breakdown of the RNA




Start by either removing the Poly(A) tail and/or the cap to make it accessible

for exonucleases




Decapping enzymes - DCP1, DCP2




Endonucleases - Argonaute, Swt1, Smg6




Deadenylases (remove the poly(A) tail) - Ccr/Not complex




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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