Biology 104: Plant Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions 100% Correct
What are the characteristics of a plant? A multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic organism
with a cell wall (cellulose), performs photosynthesis, store starch, non mobile, alternation of
generations, reproductive protection tissue
From what organism did plants evolve? Charophytes (green algae)
What are the adaptations of plants to life on land? the need for a constant supply of water
(roots), the need for as much energy (leaves for surface area), need gas exchange w/o losing
water (cuticle prevents desiccation and stoma controls gas movement), photosynthetic tissue
exposure (stems), water and nutrient transport (xylem and phloem), repro without water (seeds)
Know the alternation of generation life cycle? know!
Which stages/structures are haploid and diploid? haploid (gametophyte , gametes, spores),
diploid (sporophyte, zygote)
Generation dominant in nonvascular? Vascular seedless? Vascular seeded? Nonvascular
(gametophyte), an vascular (sporophyte)
, Biology 104: Plant Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions 100% Correct
Know the effect of evolution on the sporophyte & gametophyte generation as plants evolved
from nonvascular, vascular nonseeded, vascular naked seeds, vascular covered seeds? a
larger sporophyte generation and a smaller gametophyte generation
vascular plants (tracheophytes) contain xylem and phloem that are bundled together to
transport water and nutrients, in sporophyte, lignin, roots, leaves, stems, larger and often dry land
Vascular ferns, club mosses, horsetails, whiskferns, gingkoe, conifers, cycads,
gnetophytes, flowering plants
Nonvascular plants (bryophytes) Do not have vascular tissues to conduct water and
provide support, small, moist environment, archegonia and antheridia, gametophyte is dominant
nonvascular mosses, liverworts, hornworts
What were the first plants to adapt to land?
, Biology 104: Plant Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions 100% Correct
What is the largest phyla of nonvascular plants? Vascular seedless? Gymnosperms?
Mosses;Ferns; Conifers
Know the events in the life cycle of a moss?
whisk ferns branching steams without roots. Leaves reduced to small appendages or
absent. Absence of roots/leaves is considered secondary loss; lost as whisk ferns diverged from
ancestors.
club mosses the earliest group of seedless vascular plants
Horsetails include extinct woody trees; hollow, ribbed stems that are jointed at nodes;
strobili bear spores. Stems, branches, and leaves are green (photosynthetic) and have rough
texture due to silica
Ferns Any of numerous flowerless, seedless vascular plants having roots, stems, and
fronds and reproducing by spores.
